Lithapo tsa Fiber Optic

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka melemo e mengata ho feta likhoele tsa khale tsa koporo, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e tsebahalang bakeng sa marang-rang a sejoale-joale a puisano. Mona ke melemo e meng ea bohlokoa ea ho sebelisa likhoele tsa fiber optic:

1. Mabelo a Potlako a Phetiso ea Lintlha: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le matla a holimo haholo a bandwidth ha a bapisoa le likhoele tsa koporo. Li ka fetisa data ka lebelo le potlakileng haholo, e leng se lumellang hore lintlha tse ngata li fetisoe ka nako e khuts'oane. Tšobotsi ena e bohlokoa haholo lits'ebetsong tse hlokang ho fetisoa ha data ka lebelo le holimo, joalo ka ho phallela ha video, cloud computing, le phetiso e kholo ea lifaele.
2. Libaka tse telele tsa phetiso: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka fetisa data hole hole haholo ntle le ho senyeha ha mats'oao. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lithapo tsa koporo li na le bothata ba ho lahleheloa ke mats'oao le ho fokotseha ha sebaka se selelele. Ka likhoele tsa fiber optic, data e ka fetisoa ho feta lik'hilomithara tse 'maloa ntle le ho hloka ho nchafatsoa ha lets'oao kapa ho holisoa, ho etsa hore e be tse loketseng likhokahano tsa nako e telele.
3. Bokhoni ba Bandwidth e Phahameng: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le matla a holimo haholo a bandwidth ha a bapisoa le likhoele tsa koporo. Sena se bolela hore ba ka tsamaisa palo e kholo ea data ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ka tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea lits'ebetso tse matla haholo tsa data, joalo ka phallo ea video e nang le litlhaloso tse phahameng, 'nete ea nnete, le teleconferencing, likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka sebetsana le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa bandwidth ka katleho.
4. Ho itšireletsa ho Tšitiso ea Motlakase: O mong oa melemo e meholo ea likhoele tsa fiber optic ke ho itšireletsa ha tsona ho tšitiso ea motlakase (EMI). Lithapo tsa koporo li ka hlaseloa habonolo ke EMI ho tsoa lithapong tsa motlakase tse haufi, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le likhoele tse ling. Lithapo tsa fiber optic, tse entsoeng ka khalase kapa polasetiki, ha li amehe ke EMI. Sena se etsa hore li tšepahale haholo libakeng tse nang le lerata le phahameng la motlakase, joalo ka lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso kapa libaka tse nang le mechini e boima.
5. Thinner le bobebe: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li tšesaane haholo ebile li bobebe ha li bapisoa le likhoele tsa koporo. Sena se etsa hore ho be bonolo ho kenya le ho sebetsana le tsona, haholo-holo maemong ao sebaka se fokolang. Boholo bo fokotsehileng le boima ba likhoele tsa fiber optic le tsona li etsa hore li tenyetsehe 'me li se ke tsa senyeha nakong ea ho kenya kapa ho li lokisa.
6. Tšireletso e Ntlafetseng: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka boemo bo holimo ba tšireletso ha bo bapisoa le lithapo tsa koporo. Kaha ba fetisa data ba sebelisa li-pulse tse bobebe, ho thata haholo ho tlanya lets'oao ntle le ho senya phetiso. Sena se etsa hore likhoele tsa fiber optic li sireletsehe haholoanyane, 'me li se ke tsa kena habonolo kapa li kena-kenana le data.
7. Theknoloji ea Bopaki ba kamoso: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa bopaki ba bokamoso ha li bapisoa le lithapo tsa koporo. Tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji ea fiber optic e 'nile ea sutumelletsa meeli ea lebelo le bokhoni ba phetisetso ea data. Le hoja likhoele tsa koporo li na le mefokolo ho latela litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa data tseo li ka li tšehetsang, likhoele tsa fiber optic li na le monyetla oa ho fihlela litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa theknoloji le lits'ebetso tsa nako e tlang.

Ka kakaretso, likhoele tsa fiber optic li fana ka lebelo la phetisetso ea data ka potlako, sebaka se selelele sa phetisetso, bokhoni bo phahameng ba bandwidth, ho itšireletsa khahlanong le tšitiso ea motlakase, ntho e bobebe le e bobebe, ts'ireletso e ntlafalitsoeng, le tharollo ea nako e tlang bakeng sa marang-rang a puisano. Melemo ena e etsa hore likhoele tsa fiber optic e be khetho e ntle bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa phetisetso ea data tse sebetsang hantle haholo.

Bophahamo ba likhoele tsa fiber optic bo phahame haholo ha bo bapisoa le likhoele tsa koporo. Bandwidth e bolela bokhoni ba mocha oa puisano ho fetisa data. Mona ke papiso e qaqileng ea bokhoni ba bandwidth ea likhoele tsa fiber optic le likhoele tsa koporo:

Lithapo tsa Fiber Optic:

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le matla a holimo haholo a bandwidth. Ba ka fetisa data ka lebelo le lekantsoeng ka li-terabits ka motsotsoana (Tbps) kapa ho feta. Bophahamo ba likhoele tsa fiber optic bo khethoa haholo ke matšoao a bobebe ao ba a sebelisang bakeng sa phetiso ea data.

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li sebelisa maqhubu a khanya ho fetisa data. Mats'oao ana a bobebe a ka tsamaea ka har'a li-fiber-optic cores ka tahlehelo e nyane kapa ho fokotseha. Sena se lumella likhoele tsa fiber optic ho ts'ehetsa palo e kholo ea data ka nako e le 'ngoe.

Mefuta e fapaneng ea likhoele tsa fiber optic e fana ka bokhoni bo fapaneng ba bandwidth. Lithapo tse nang le fiber e le 'ngoe (SMF), tse nang le boholo bo bonyenyane ba mantlha 'me li lumella mokhoa o le mong feela oa khanya ho ata, li ka fana ka matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a bandwidth. Ba ka ts'ehetsa litefiso tsa phetisetso ea data ho fihla ho 100 Gbps, 400 Gbps, kapa ho feta.

Lithapo tsa Multimode fiber (MMF), tse nang le boholo bo boholo ba mantlha 'me li lumella mekhoa e mengata ea leseli ho hasana, li fana ka bokhoni bo fokolang ba bandwidth ha bo bapisoa le SMF. Leha ho le joalo, ba ntse ba ka ts'ehetsa litefiso tsa data ho tloha ho 10 Gbps ho isa ho 100 Gbps.

Lithapo tsa Koporo:

Lithapo tsa koporo, tse kang lithapo tse sothehileng (mohlala, Cat 5e, Cat 6, Cat 6a) le lithapo tsa coaxial, li na le matla a tlase a bandwidth ha a bapisoa le likhoele tsa fiber optic. Bophahamo ba likhoele tsa koporo bo lekanyelitsoe haholo ke matšoao a motlakase ao ba a sebelisang bakeng sa phetiso ea data.

Bophahamo ba likhoele tsa koporo bo khethoa ke lintlha tse kang bolelele ba thapo, tekanyo ea terata, le boteng ba tšitiso ea kantle. Ha data e ntse e tsamaea ka likhoele tsa koporo, e ba le ho senyeha ka lebaka la lintlha tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa ho hanyetsa, ho kopana le ho kena-kenana le motlakase.

Lithapo tsa koporo tse sothehileng, tse sebelisoang hangata ho marang-rang a Ethernet, li na le matla a fokolang a bandwidth. Ka mohlala, lithapo tsa Cat 5e li ka tšehetsa litefiso tsa data ho fihla ho 1 Gbps, lithapo tsa Cat 6 le Cat 6a li khona ho sebetsana le lebelo ho fihla ho 10 Gbps, 'me lithapo tsa Cat 7 li ka tšehetsa litefiso tsa data ho fihla ho 40 Gbps.

Lithapo tsa coaxial, tse atisang ho sebelisoa bakeng sa thelevishene ea cable kapa marang-rang a marang-rang, li fana ka bokhoni bo phahameng ba bandwidth ha bo bapisoa le lithapo tse sothehileng. Ho itšetlehile ka mofuta o khethehileng le boleng, lithapo tsa coaxial li ka tšehetsa litekanyetso tsa data ho tloha ho 1 Gbps ho ea ho 10 Gbps kapa ho feta.

Papiso:

Ha ho bapisoa bandwidth ea likhoele tsa fiber optic le likhoele tsa koporo, likhoele tsa fiber optic li lula li fana ka matla a holimo haholo. Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka ts'ehetsa litefiso tsa data ka bongata ba li-gigabit ka motsotsoana (Gbps) ho ea ho terabits ka motsotsoana (Tbps), athe likhoele tsa koporo hangata li na le matla a tlase a bandwidth, hangata a lekantsoeng ka Gbps.

Bophahamo bo phahameng ba likhoele tsa fiber optic bo nolofalletsa litekanyetso tsa phetisetso ea data ka potlako, e leng se etsang hore li tšoanelehe haholoanyane bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang hore data e fetisetsoe kapele, joalo ka phallo ea video e nang le litlhaloso tse phahameng, komporo ea maru, le lipatlisiso tse matla tsa data.

Ka kakaretso, likhoele tsa fiber optic li fana ka bokhoni bo pharaletseng ba bandwidth, bo li lumellang ho sebetsana le lintlha tse ngata ka nako e le 'ngoe le ho tšehetsa marang-rang a puisano a lebelo le holimo ha a bapisoa le likhoele tsa koporo.

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka fetisa data libakeng tse telele ntle le ho senyeha ho hoholo ha matšoao. Bohole bo boholo boo likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka tsamaisang data ntle le ho senyeha ho itšetlehile ka lintlha tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa mofuta oa fiber, thepa ea phetiso e sebelisoang, le sekhahla sa data se fetisoang. Tlhaloso e felletseng ke ena:

Fiber ea Mokhoa o le Mong (SMF):

Single-mode fiber (SMF) e etselitsoe puisano ea nako e telele 'me e khona ho fetisa lintlha ho feta libaka tse telele ka ho fetisisa ntle le ho senyeha ha matšoao. SMF e na le boholo bo bonyenyane ba mantlha bo lumellang mokhoa o le mong oa leseli ho hasana. Litšobotsi tse fokolang le tsa ho hasana tsa SMF li nolofalletsa phetiso ea data libakeng tse kholo haholo ha li bapisoa le fiber ea multimode.

Ka mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho holisa le ho sebelisa likarolo tsa boleng bo holimo, SMF e ka fetisa data bakeng sa lik'hilomithara tse mashome kapa esita le tse makholo ntle le ho hloka ho nchafatsoa kapa ho holisa matšoao. Mohlala, lits'ebetso tsa sejoale-joale tsa SMF li ka fetisa data libakeng tse fetang lik'hilomithara tse 100 (62 miles) ntle le phokotso e kholo ea matšoao.

Multimode Fiber (MMF):

Multimode fiber (MMF) e na le boholo bo boholo ba mantlha ha bo bapisoa le fiber ea mofuta o le mong 'me e tšehetsa ho phatlalatsoa ha mekhoa e mengata ea leseli. MMF hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa puisano ea sebaka se khuts'oane ka har'a meaho kapa likhamphaning.

Sebaka se seholo sa phetiso ea data ntle le ho senyeha ha fiber ea multimode e itšetlehile ka mofuta oa MMF le tekanyo ea data e sebelisoang. Ka kakaretso, sebaka se seholo sa MMF se tloha ho limithara tse makholo a 'maloa ho isa ho lik'hilomithara tse seng kae.

Ka mohlala, ho sebelisa 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 Gbps) holim'a OM3 kapa OM4 multimode fiber, sebaka se phahameng ka ho fetisisa se tloaelehile ho pota 300 metres. Ka tsoelopele ea morao-rao ho theknoloji ea fiber ea multimode le ts'ebeliso ea mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho feto-fetoha ha molumo, hoa khoneha ho fihlella sebaka se selelele sa phetisetso ho fihla ho limithara tse 550 kapa ho feta.

Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore sebaka se phahameng se tšehetsoeng ke MMF se ka eketsoa haholo ka ho sebelisa likhoele tsa "mode conditioning patch" kapa ka ho kenya ts'ebetsong mekhoa ea "wavelength-division multiplexing" (WDM).

Lintlha tse Amang Bohole:

Lintlha tse 'maloa li ka ama sebaka se seholo sa phetiso ea data ntle le ho senyeha ha lets'oao ho likhoele tsa fiber optic:

1. Tlholeho: Attenuation e bolela ho lahleheloa ke matla a lets'oao ha a ntse a tsamaea ka har'a fiber. Lithapo tsa fiber optic li etselitsoe ho fokotsa ho fokotseha, empa li ntse li eketseha le sebaka. Likhoele tsa boleng bo holimo li na le ho fokotseha ho tlase, tse lumellang sebaka se selelele sa phetisetso ntle le ho senyeha.
2. Ho hasana: Ho hasana ke ho hasana ha maqhubu a leseli ha a ntse a tsamaea ka har'a fiber. Phatlalatso ea Chromatic le mokhoa oa ho hasana o ka fokotsa sebaka se seholo sa phetiso ea data. Li-fiber tse tsoetseng pele le mekhoa ea ho sebetsana le matšoao li sebelisoa ho fokotsa liphello tsa ho hasana.
3. Boleng ba Transmitter le Receiver: Boleng le matla a li-transmitter le li-receiver tsa optical li boetse li ama sebaka se seholo sa phetiso ea data. Likarolo tsa boleng bo holimo li ka fetisa le ho amohela matšoao libakeng tse telele ka ho senyeha ho fokolang.
4. Ho holisa le ho Nchafatsa: Li-amplifiers tsa Optical kapa li-regenerator li ka sebelisoa ho matlafatsa matla a lets'oao le ho holisa sebaka se phahameng sa phetisetso. Likarolo tsena li holisa kapa li nchafatsa lets'oao la optical ho lefella tahlehelo.
5. Wavelength le Sekhahla sa Lintlha: Bolelele ba maqhubu bo sebelisoang bakeng sa phetisetso le sekhahla sa data se fetisoang le tsona li ama bohole bo boholo. Maqhubu a fapaneng a maqhubu le litefiso tse phahameng tsa data li kanna tsa ba le sebaka se sekhuts'oane se phahameng ka lebaka la litlamorao tse ntseng li eketseha kapa tsa phallo.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, sebaka se seholo seo lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka fetisang data ho tsona ntle le ho senyeha ha matšoao a bohlokoa ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa fiber (mode e le 'ngoe kapa multimode), litšobotsi tse khethehileng tsa fiber, boleng ba thepa ea phetisetso, le tekanyo ea data e fetisoang. Fiber ea mofuta o le mong e ka ts'ehetsa phetisetso libakeng tse telele, hangata e feta lik'hilomithara tse 100, athe fiber ea multimode hangata e na le bohole bo boholo ho tloha ho limithara tse makholo a 'maloa ho isa ho lik'hilomithara tse' maloa.

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho kenya kahare le kantle. Mokhoa oa ho kenya le sebaka li ka fapana ho itšetlehile ka litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa ho kenya. Mona ke tlhaloso e felletseng ea hore na likhoele tsa fiber optic li kengoa joang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa kahare le kantle:

Mehaho ea Ka hare:

Bakeng sa ho kengoa ka tlung, likhoele tsa fiber optic hangata li tsamaisoa ka har'a meaho, litsing tsa data kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa kahare. Tshebetso ea ho instola e kenyelletsa mehato e latelang:

1. Moralo le Moralo: Ho kenya ho qala ka ho rera le ho rala sebopeho sa marang-rang. Sena se kenyelletsa ho khetha litsela tse nepahetseng tsa ho tsamaisa, ho khetholla libaka tsa ho kena, le ho khetha likhoele tse nepahetseng tsa fiber optic bakeng sa ts'ebeliso.
2. Ho tsamaisa Cable: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li tsamaisoa ka likotopo, literei tsa cable kapa libaka tsa plenum ka har'a moaho. Lithapo li sirelelitsoe ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ho netefatsa hore li sirelelitsoe hore li se ke tsa senyeha 'me ha li kena-kenane le mekhoa e meng ea mohaho.
3. Ho felisoa le ho arola: Hang ha lithapo li fetisetsoa libakeng tseo li reriloeng ho tsona, lia felisoa 'me li arotsoe ho li-connectors kapa li-patch panels. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa ho hlobola thapo ka hloko, ho hokahanya le ho kopanya li-fiber cores, le ho tiisa khokahano le likhokahanyo tse nepahetseng kapa likhoele.
4. Teko le Netefatso: Kamora ho felloa ke matla le ho kopanya, likhoele tsa fiber optic tse kentsoeng li ea litekong ho netefatsa phetiso e nepahetseng ea matšoao le tahlehelo e nyane. Liteko tse fapaneng, tse kang litekanyo tsa matla a optical le liteko tsa OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer), li etsoa ho netefatsa botšepehi ba likhoele tse kentsoeng.

Lisebelisoa tsa Kantle:

Mehaho ea kantle e kenyelletsa ho tsamaisa likhoele tsa fiber optic kantle ho meaho le libakeng tse bulehileng. Ts'ebetso ea ho kenya lits'ebetso tsa kantle e ka fapana ho latela litlhoko le maemo a tikoloho. Mona ke kakaretso ea mehato e amehang:

1. Moralo oa Tsela le Boithuto: Pele o kenya, ho etsoa tlhahlobo ea tsela ho fumana tsela e nepahetseng ea likhoele tsa fiber optic. Sena se kenyelletsa ho tseba litšitiso tse ka bang teng, ho lekola sebaka, le ho etsa bonnete ba hore tsela e khethiloeng e fokotsa kotsi ea tšenyo.
2. Ho kenya Trenching kapa Duct Installation: Maemong a mangata, likhoele tsa ka ntle tsa fiber optic li kenngoa ka tlas'a lefatše ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea ho kenya li-trenching kapa duct. Ho cheka foro ho akarelletsa ho cheka foro e moqotetsane moo likhoele li epetsoeng botebong bo itseng. Ho kenya likhoele ho kenyelletsa ho kenya likhoele tsa fiber optic ka har'a likotopo tse sireletsang kapa likotopong.
3. Kemiso ea Moeeng: Maemong a mang, likhoele tsa fiber optic li kengoa holimo ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea ho kenya moea. Sena se kenyelletsa ho hokela likhoele lipalong, lithapong tsa lisebelisoa, kapa litšehetsing tse khethehileng tsa moea. Lisebelisoa tsa moeeng li sebelisoa hangata bakeng sa marang-rang a malelele a likhokahano.
4. Ho arohana le ho felisoa: Hang ha likhoele li kentsoe, mekhoa ea ho kopanya le ho emisa e etsoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le oa ho kenya ka tlung. Lithapo tsa fiber optic li felisitsoe ka likhokahanyo kapa li-splices, tse li lumellang hore li hokahane le lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang kapa likhoele tse ling.
5. Tshireletso le Tiiso: Lithapo tsa kantle tsa fiber optic li hloka tšireletso e nepahetseng khahlano le maemo a tikoloho joalo ka mongobo, metsi le mahlaseli a UV. Sena se ka 'na sa akarelletsa ho sebelisa mekoallo e sireletsang, litiiso tse thibelang boemo ba leholimo kapa ho epela lithapo fatše.
6. Teko le Komisi: Joalo ka lits'ebetso tsa kahare, likhoele tsa kantle tsa fiber optic lia hlahlojoa le ho fuoa tumello ho netefatsa phetiso e nepahetseng ea matšoao le tahlehelo e nyane. Teko e kenyelletsa ho lekola litšobotsi tsa optical tsa likhoele tse kentsoeng le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea tsona ka lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa tlhahlobo.

Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lisebelisoa tse ling tse ikhethileng li ka kenyelletsa ho kenya likhoele tsa fiber optic ka tlas'a metsi, joalo ka lithapo tsa puisano tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi kapa lits'ebetso tsa kantle ho naha. Mehaho ena hangata e hloka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng le botsebi, 'me likhoele li sirelelitsoe ho mamella tikoloho e ka tlas'a metsi.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka kenngoa ka hare le ka ntle. Mehaho ea ka tlung e kenyelletsa likhoele tse tsamaisang marang-rang ka har'a meaho, ha tse ka ntle li sebelisa mekhoa e joalo ka trenching, ho kenya likhoele, kapa ho beoa moeeng. Mokhoa o khethehileng oa ho kenya o khethoa ke lintlha tse kang tikoloho, sebaka, le litlhoko tsa marang-rang.

Fiber ea mofuta o le mong (SMF) le fiber ea multimode (MMF) ke mefuta e 'meli ea likhoele tsa fiber optic tse sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng. Phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa SMF le MMF e ka boholo ba tsona ba mantlha le tsela eo ba fetisang mats'oao a leseli. Mona ke tlhaloso e qaqileng ea SMF le MMF:

Fiber ea Mokhoa o le Mong (SMF):

Fiber e nang le mokhoa o le mong (SMF) e etselitsoe ho phatlalatsa mokhoa o le mong oa leseli, ho lumella hore ho fetisetsoe sebaka se selelele ka ho senyeha ho fokolang ha matšoao. Boholo ba mantlha ba SMF hangata bo nyane, bo ka bang 9 ho isa ho 10 microns (μm) ka bophara.

Ho SMF, boholo bo bonyenyane ba mantlha bo nolofalletsa leseli ho hasana ka tsela e otlolohileng, ho felisa ho hasana ho atisang ho fumanoa ka likhoele tsa multimode. Sena se fokotsa tahlehelo ea matšoao 'me se lumella matla a holimo a bandwidth le sebaka se selelele sa phetisetso.

Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa SMF:

1. Libaka tse telele tsa phetiso: SMF e ka fetisetsa data hole le sebaka se selelele ntle le ho senyeha ho hoholo ha matšoao. Ka mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho holisa, SMF e ka fihlela sebaka sa phetisetso sa mashome kapa esita le lik'hilomithara tse makholo ntle le ho hloka ho nchafatsoa ha lets'oao kapa ho holisa.
2. Bandwidth e Phahameng: SMF e fana ka matla a holimo a bandwidth ha a bapisoa le MMF. E lumella litefiso tse phahameng tsa data mme e ka ts'ehetsa lits'ebetso tse nang le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa bandwidth.
3. Bophara bo Nyenyane ba Spectral: SMF e na le bophara bo fokolang ba spectral, ho bolelang hore e ka fetisa leseli ka bolelele bo itseng ka ho hasana ho fokolang. Sena se lumella ponts'o e ntle ea pontšo le tahlehelo e fokolang ea matšoao.
4. Mokhoa o le Mong oa Phatlalatso ea Leseli: SMF e lumella mokhoa o le mong feela oa leseli ho hasana, ho fokotsa liphello tsa ho hasana le ho boloka boleng ba pontšo ho feta libaka tse telele.

SMF e atisa ho sebelisoa lits'ebetsong moo ho hlokahalang puisano e telele, joalo ka marang-rang a mehala ea puisano, phetisetso ea nako e telele, le likhoele tsa puisano tse ka tlas'a leoatle.

Multimode Fiber (MMF):

Multimode fiber (MMF) e etselitsoe ho phatlalatsa mefuta e mengata ea leseli ka nako e le 'ngoe, e lumellang phetisetso ea sebaka se sekhutšoanyane. Boholo ba mantlha ba MMF bo boholo ho feta SMF, hangata bo tloha ho 50 ho isa ho 62.5 microns (μm) ka bophara.

Ho MMF, boholo bo boholo ba mantlha bo amohela litsela kapa mekhoa e mengata ea leseli, e ka lebisang ho phatlalla le ho lahleheloa ke mats'oao libakeng tse telele. Leha ho le joalo, MMF e loketse lits'ebetso tsa sebaka se khuts'oane ka har'a meaho, likhamphaning kapa marang-rang a lehae.

Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa MMF:

1. Libaka tse Khutšoane tsa Phetisetso: MMF hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa sebaka se khuts'oane sa phetisetso, ho tloha ho limithara tse makholo a 'maloa ho isa ho lik'hilomithara tse' maloa, ho latela mofuta oa MMF le sekhahla sa data se sebelisoang.
2. Litšenyehelo tse tlase: MMF ka kakaretso e na le litšenyehelo tse ngata ha e bapisoa le SMF. Boholo bo boholo ba mantlha bo etsa hore ho be bonolo ho bo etsa, ho baka litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso.
3. Phatlalatso e Phahameng ea Modal: MMF e na le ho hasana ha modal ho feta ho bapisoa le SMF ka lebaka la boholo bo boholo ba mantlha. Phatlalatso ena e ka fokotsa sebaka se seholo sa phetisetso le ho ama boleng ba matšoao.
4. Mekhoa e Mengata ea Phatlalatso ea Leseli: MMF e lumella mekhoa e mengata ea leseli ho ata ka har'a mokokotlo o moholo, e leng ho nolofalletsang ho mamellana ho hoholo le ho fapana ha mohloli oa leseli.

MMF e sebelisoa hangata lits'ebetsong tse kang marang-rang a sebaka sa lehae (LANs), litsi tsa data, le puisano ea sebaka se khuts'oane ka har'a meaho.

Ka kakaretso, phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa SMF le MMF e ka boholo ba tsona ba mantlha le litšobotsi tsa phetiso. SMF e na le boholo bo nyane ba mantlha, e ts'ehetsa mokhoa o le mong oa phatlalatso ea leseli, 'me e nolofalletsa phetiso ea sebaka se selelele ka bandwidth e phahameng. MMF e na le boholo bo boholo ba mantlha, e ts'ehetsa mekhoa e mengata ea ho phatlalatsoa ha leseli, 'me e loketse sebaka se khuts'oane sa phetisetso ka har'a marang-rang kapa meahong ea lehae.

Ho emisa kapa ho hokahanya likhoele tsa fiber optic ho kenyelletsa ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya likhoele tsa fiber ho lihokelo kapa likhoele, ho li lumella ho hokahana le lisebelisoa kapa likhoele tse ling. Mona ke tlhaloso e felletseng ea hore na likhoele tsa fiber optic li felisoe kapa li hokeloa joang:

1. Pheliso ea Sehokelo:

Ho felisoa ha sehokelo ho kenyelletsa ho hokela likhokahano lipheletsong tsa likhoele tsa fiber optic. Mokhoa ona o nolofalletsa likhokahano tse bonolo, tse potlakileng, le tse phetoang. Mefuta e atileng haholo ea likhokahanyo e sebelisoang bakeng sa ho felisoa ke SC (Subscriber Connector), LC (Lucent Connector), ST (Straight Tip), le MPO (Multi-fiber Push-On).

Ts'ebetso ea ho emisa hangata e latela mehato ena:

• Litokisetso: Qala ka ho hlobola likarolo tse sireletsang tsa thapo ea faeba u sebelisa lisebelisoa tse hlakileng tsa ho hlobola. Sena se pepesa fiber e se nang letho.
• Ho hlakola: Sebelisa fiber cleaver ho etsa sefahleho se hloekileng, se bataletseng le se pota-potileng holim'a fiber. The cleaver e netefatsa sehiloeng se nepahetseng le se boreleli ntle le ho baka tahlehelo e feteletseng kapa ho nahanisisa.
• Ho hloekisa: Hloekisa sefahleho sa faeba e petsotsoeng ka lithapo tse se nang letlapa le litharollo tse khethehileng tsa ho hloekisa fiber. Mohato ona o tlosa lithōle, oli, kapa litšila tse ka amang khokahanyo.
• Kemiso ea Sehokelo: Beha ntlo ea sehokelo holim'a pheletso e lokiselitsoeng ea fiber 'me u e sireletse ka hloko u sebelisa epoxy kapa mochini oa mochini, ho latela mofuta oa sehokelo.
• Ho folisa: Haeba epoxy e sebelisoa, e hloka ho phekoloa ho latela litaelo tsa moetsi. Leseli la Ultraviolet (UV) le ka sebelisoa ho phekola epoxy, ho netefatsa maqhama a matla le a sireletsehileng pakeng tsa fiber le sehokelo.
• Sepolesa: Hang ha sehokedi se phekotswe, ferrule (karolo ya sehokedi se tshwereng tlhale) e bentshiwa ho fihlela sefahleho sa ho qetela se boreledi, se bataletseng, le se bonaletsang tlase. Mohato ona oa polishing o netefatsa phetiso e nepahetseng ea khanya le ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea matšoao.

2. Pheliso ea Likhahla:

Ho felisoa ha Splice ho kenyelletsa ho kopanya ka ho sa feleng likhoele tse peli tsa fiber optic hammoho ho sebelisa fusion splicing kapa mechanical splicing:

• Fusion Splicing: Fusion splicing e kenyelletsa ho hokahanya lipheletsong tsa fiber ka nepo ebe o li kopanya hammoho ho sebelisa arc ea motlakase kapa laser. Sena se etsa hore ho be le kamano e tsoelang pele le tahlehelo e tlaase le matla a phahameng. Fusion splicing hangata e etsoa ho sebelisoa mechini e khethehileng ea fusion splicing kapa lisebelisoa.
• Mechanical Splicing: Mechanical splicing e kenyelletsa ho hokahanya le ho boloka lipheletso tsa fiber ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ka mokhoa o nepahetseng le epoxy kapa mochini o koalang ka mochini. Mechanical splicing ha e tloaelehe ho feta fusion splicing empa e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa likhokahano tsa nakoana kapa maemong ao ho kopanngoa ha fusion ho sa khoneheng.

Ka bobeli fusion splicing le mechanical splicing li latela mehato e ts'oanang ea ho itokisa pele li kopanya likhoele, joalo ka ho hlobola, ho penya le ho hloekisa.

3. Teko le Netefatso:

Ka mor'a ho emisa kapa ho arohana, ho bohlokoa ho etsa liteko le ho netefatsa ho netefatsa phetiso e nepahetseng ea matšoao le tahlehelo e fokolang. Hangata sena se kenyelletsa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa tlhahlobo tse kang optical power meter, optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR), kapa optical loss test set (OLTS). Liteko tsena li lekanya maemo a matla a optical, li lemoha tahlehelo leha e le efe kapa lintlha tse khantšang, 'me li netefatsa botšepehi ba likhokahano tsa fiber tse felisitsoeng kapa tse arohaneng.

Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho emisa kapa ho hokela likhoele tsa fiber optic ho hloka ho nepahala le boitsebelo ho fihlela liphetho tse nepahetseng. Hangata ho khothaletsoa hore ho be le litsebi tse koetlisitsoeng kapa litsebi tse nang le boiphihlelo tse etsang ts'ebetso ea ho emisa ho netefatsa likhokahano tse tšepahalang le tsa boleng bo holimo.

Ka kakaretso, ho emisa kapa ho hokahanya likhoele tsa fiber optic ho kenyelletsa ho lokisa likhoele tsa fiber, ho hokela likhokahano kapa li-splices, ho phekola kapa ho kopanya likhokahano, ho bentša (tabeng ea likhokahanyo), le ho etsa liteko le netefatso ho netefatsa phetiso e nepahetseng ea matšoao.

E, ho na le lintlha tse 'maloa tse khethehileng tseo u lokelang ho li hopola ha u kenya le ho tšoara lithapo tsa fiber optic. Lintlha tsena li bohlokoa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng le bophelo bo bolelele ba likhoele. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tseo u ka li nahanang ke tsena:

1. Kobang Radius: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le radius e kobehang e fokolang e lokelang ho lateloa nakong ea ho kenya. Ho feta radius e kobehang ho ka baka tahlehelo ea lets'oao kapa ho senya thapo. Qoba ho kobeha ka bohale 'me u netefatse hore likhoele ha lia kobeha kapa ha li kobehe ka thata ho feta radius e khothalletsoang.
2. Tension ea ho hula: Ha o hula likhoele tsa fiber optic nakong ea ho kenya, ho bohlokoa ho qoba tsitsipano e feteletseng. Matla a ho hula ka ho feteletseng a ka otlolla kapa a senya lithapo, a baka tahlehelo ea matšoao kapa ho robeha. Sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho hula le lisebelisoa tse etselitsoeng lithapo tsa fiber optic ka ho khetheha ho thibela khatello e feteletseng.
3. Tšireletso ho Tšenyo ea Mechini: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li bobebe ho feta likhoele tsa khale tsa koporo 'me li hloka ts'ireletso khahlanong le tšenyo ea mochini. Netefatsa hore lithapo li sirelelitsoe ka nepo hore li se ke tsa pshatloa, li pincheng, kapa mahlakoreng a bohale nakong ea ho kenya. Sebelisa likotopo tse loketseng, literei tsa cable, kapa li-tubing tse sireletsang ho thibela tšenyo e sa lebelloang.
4. Ho Qoba Khatello ea Maikutlo e Feteletseng: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le bothata ba khatello ea maikutlo e feteletseng, joalo ka tsitsipano kapa khatello, e ka lebisang tahlehelong ea mats'oao kapa ho hloleha ha cable. Hlokomela ho qoba ho beha lintho tse boima holim'a lithapo kapa ho li beha tlas'a khatello e feteletseng nakong ea ho kenya kapa ho e lokisa.
5. Ho sebetsana le Matsoho a Hloekileng: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le bothata bo boholo ho litšila. Ha u tšoara lithapo, etsa bonnete ba hore matsoho a hao a hloekile 'me ha a na litšila, mafura kapa oli. Lintho tse silafatsang ho faeba li ka baka tahlehelo ea matšoao kapa tsa kena-kenana le boleng ba khokahano.
6. Ho Qoba ho Kena le Lik'hemik'hale: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka senyeha ka ho pepesehela lik'hemik'hale kapa lihlapolli. Nka mehato ea ho thibela ho kopana le lik'hemik'hale tse kang lisebelisoa tse hloekisang, lihlapolli, kapa lintho tse senyang nakong ea ho kenya kapa ha u sebetsa haufi le likhoele tsa fiber optic.
7. Tšireletso ho Lintlha tsa Tikoloho: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li lokela ho sireletsoa linthong tsa tikoloho tse kang mongobo, mocheso o feteletseng le mahlaseli a UV. Etsa bonnete ba hore mehato e loketseng ea ho thibela boemo ba leholimo e nkuoa bakeng sa ho kenya ka ntle, 'me u nahane ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea tsamaiso ea lithapo tsa ka hare ho itšireletsa khahlanong le maemo a tikoloho ka har'a mehaho.
8. Ho Ngola le ho Ngola: Ho ngola ka nepo le litokomane tsa likhoele tsa fiber optic nakong ea ho kenya li bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhokomelo le ho rarolla mathata nakong e tlang. Ngola ka ho hlaka lithapo, lihokelo, le lintlha tsa ho emisa ho thusa ho tseba le ho fokotsa liphoso nakong ea tokiso kapa ntlafatso.
9. Teko le netefatso e nepahetseng: Kamora ho kenya, ho bohlokoa ho etsa liteko le netefatso ho netefatsa bots'epehi le ts'ebetso ea likhoele tse kentsoeng tsa fiber optic. Sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa tlhahlobo ho lekanya maemo a matla a optical, ho bona tahlehelo kapa likhakanyo, le ho netefatsa boleng ba ts'ebetso.
10. Kemiso le Tlhokomelo ea Setsebi: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li hloka tsebo e khethehileng le lisebelisoa bakeng sa ho kenya le ho hlokomela. Ho khothaletsoa ho ba le litsebi tse koetlisitsoeng kapa litsebi tse nang le boiphihlelo tse sebetsanang le ho kenya, ho emisa le ho hlokomela likhoele tsa fiber optic ho netefatsa likhokahano tse tšepahalang le tsa boleng bo holimo.

Ka ho latela lintlha tsena, u ka thusa ho netefatsa hore ho kengoa ka katleho, ho phela nako e telele, le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea likhoele tsa fiber optic marang-rang kapa ts'ebelisong ea hau.

Ee, likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa phetiso ea video, audio le data. Theknoloji ea Fiber optic e sebetsa ka mokhoa o fapaneng 'me e khona ho jara mefuta e mengata ea matšoao, ho kenyelletsa le video ea HD, matshwao a molumo le matshwao a data a dijithale. Tlhaloso e felletseng ke ena:

Phetiso ea Video le Lentsoe:

Flithapo tsa iber optic li loketse hantle bakeng sa phetiso ea video le molumo o phahameng (HD). Theknoloji ea Fiber optic e fana ka melemo e mengata e etsang hore e be khetho e ntle bakeng sa ho fana ka lipontšo tsa boleng bo holimo tsa video le molumo. Tlhaloso e felletseng ke ena:

• Bophahamo ba Bandwidth: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le matla a holimo haholo a bandwidth ha a bapisoa le likhoele tsa khale tsa koporo. Bokhoni bona bo phahameng ba li-bandwidth bo lumella ho fetisoa ha lintlha tse ngata, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fana ka lipontšo tse phahameng tsa litlhaloso tsa video le tsa molumo. Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka sebetsana le litefiso tse phahameng tsa data tse hlokahalang bakeng sa video ea HD le molumo, ho netefatsa hore phetisetso e boreleli le e sa sitisoeng.
• Phetisetso ea Lintlha tsa Lebelo le Phahameng: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka fetisa data ka lebelo le potlakileng haholo ha li bapisoa le likhoele tsa koporo. Sena ke sa bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa phetiso ea video le molumo oa HD, kaha matšoao ana a hloka sekhahla se phahameng sa phetisetso ea data ho fana ka boiphihlelo bo se nang moeli kapa ho mamela. Lebelo le potlakileng la phetisetso ea data ea likhoele tsa fiber optic li nolofalletsa phetiso ea litaba tsa litlhaloso tse holimo ntle le ho lieha kapa ho boloka litaba.
• Tahlehelo ya Matshwao a Tlase: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le tahlehelo e nyane ea matšoao nakong ea phetisetso. Sena ke sa bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa lipontšo tse phahameng tsa litlhaloso tsa video le tsa molumo, kaha tahlehelo leha e le efe ea boleng ba matšoao e ka fella ka ho senyeha ha phihlelo ea ho shebella kapa ea ho mamela. Tahlehelo e tlase ea lithapo tsa fiber optic e netefatsa hore matšoao a video le molumo oa HD a fanoa ka ho hlaka le ho ts'epahala.
• Ho itšireletsa ho Tšitiso ea Motlakase: Lithapo tsa fiber optic ha li na ho kena-kenana le motlakase (EMI) tse ka theolang boleng ba matšoao. Lithapo tsa koporo li ka hlaseloa habonolo ke EMI ho tsoa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse haufi kapa lithapo tsa motlakase, tse ka hlahisang lerata le ho khopamisa mats'oao a video kapa a molumo. Lithapo tsa fiber optic, tse entsoeng ka khalase kapa polasetiki, ha li tšoenyehe ke EMI, ho netefatsa phetisetso e hloekileng le e se nang tšitiso ea matšoao a litlhaloso tse phahameng.
• Libaka tse telele tsa phetiso: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka fetisa melaetsa ea litlhaloso tse phahameng tsa video le tsa molumo libakeng tse telele ntle le ho senyeha ho hoholo ha matšoao. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lithapo tsa koporo li na le tahlehelo ea mats'oao le ho fokotseha ha sebaka se selelele. Sena se etsa hore likhoele tsa fiber optic e be tse loketseng lits'ebetso tse hlokang phetisetso ea sebaka se selelele, joalo ka ho aba matshwao a video le molumo oa HD libakeng tse kholo kapa likhamphaning.
• Phetiso e Sireletsehileng: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka boemo bo holimo ba ts'ireletso bakeng sa phetiso ea video ea HD le molumo. Lintlha tse fetisitsoeng ka likhoele tsa fiber optic li thata haholo ho li thibela ha li bapisoa le lithapo tsa koporo tsa setso. Ho feta moo, likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka sebelisoa ka liprothokholo tsa encryption ho netefatsa phetiso e sireletsehileng ea litaba tsa HD tse bobebe.

Phetiso ea data:

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li loketse haholo phetiso ea data ka lebelo le holimo. Ba ka tsamaisa mefuta e fapaneng ea matšoao a data a dijithale, ho kenyeletsoa data ea inthanete, data ea video, le mefuta e meng ea puisano ea dijithale.

Theknoloji ea Fiber optic e fana ka bokhoni bo phahameng ba bandwidth le tahlehelo e tlase ea phetisetso, e nolofalletsang phetiso ea data e potlakileng le e tšepahalang libakeng tse telele. Sena se bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse matla haholo tsa data joalo ka ho bala marang-rang, ho fetisoa ha lifaele, ho phalla ha video, cloud computing, le mekhoa e meng e tsamaisoang ke data.

Bokhoni bo phahameng ba li-bandwidth tsa likhoele tsa fiber optic li lumella ho fetisoa ha data ka nako e le 'ngoe, ho etsa hore e be tse loketseng marang-rang a nang le sephethephethe sa data se boima. The latency e tlase le ho fokotseha ho fokolang ha matšoao a likhoele tsa fiber optic le tsona li kenya letsoho ntlafatsong ea ts'ebetso ea phetisetso ea data.

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka tšehetsa mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea phetisetso ea data, ho akarelletsa le Ethernet, SONET / SDH, Fiber Channel, le tse ling, tse etsang hore li lumellane le mekhoa e mengata ea marang-rang le mekhoa ea puisano ea data.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka sebetsana ka katleho le phetiso ea lentsoe le data. Ba ka fetisa matšoao a lentsoe la analog hammoho le matšoao a lentsoe la digital ka mokhoa oa VoIP. Ho feta moo, likhoele tsa fiber optic li khona ho jara matšoao a data hantle, li fana ka phetiso ea data e potlakileng, e tšepahalang le e sireletsehileng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng.

Ho lekola ts'ebetso le boleng ba likhoele tsa fiber optic marang-rang ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa phetiso e nepahetseng ea mats'oao le ho supa mathata kapa liphoso. Mona ke tlhaloso e qaqileng ea hore na u ka leka ts'ebetso le boleng ba likhoele tsa fiber optic:

1. Tekanyo ea Matla a Optical:

Tekanyo ea matla a Optical ke teko ea mantlha ea ho fumana matla a lets'oao la optical thapong ea fiber optic. Teko ena e netefatsa hore boemo ba matla bo oela ka har'a mefuta e amohelehang bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng. E kenyelletsa ho sebelisa meter ea matla a optical ho lekanya matla a amoheloang libakeng tse fapaneng tsa marang-rang. Ho bapisa maemo a matla a lekantsoeng le litekanyetso tse lebelletsoeng ho thusa ho tseba tahlehelo ea matla kapa bofokoli.

2. Teko ea Tahlehelo ea Optical:

Teko ea tahlehelo ea mahlo, e tsejoang hape e le tlhahlobo ea tahlehelo ea ho kenya, e lekanya tahlehelo ea lets'oao ka kakaretso ho thapo ea fiber optic kapa sehokelo. Teko ena e netefatsa ts'ebetso ea likhokahano, li-splices, le sehokelo sa fiber optic ka kakaretso. E kenyelletsa ho hokahanya mohloli oa optical le meter ea matla pheletsong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea thapo kapa sehokelo le ho metha tahlehelo ea matla. Teko ea tahlehelo ea mahlo e thusa ho tseba libaka tse lahlehileng haholo, lihokelo tse fosahetseng, kapa likarolo tse sarolohang hantle.

3. Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (OTDR):

Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) ke mokhoa o matla oa tlhahlobo o fanang ka tlhaiso-leseling e felletseng mabapi le thapo ea fiber optic, ho kenyeletsoa bolelele ba eona, libaka tsa li-splices, likhokahano, le liphoso kapa likheo. OTDR e romela khanya ea leseli ka har'a fiber ebe e lekanya leseli le bonahalitsoeng ha le khutlela morao. Sena se e lumella ho bona le ho fumana litaba tse kang khefu, ho kobeha, tahlehelo e feteletseng, kapa tse sa tsamaisaneng. Teko ea OTDR e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa likhokahano tsa nako e telele kapa tsa kantle tsa fiber optic.

4. Teko ea Chromatic Dispersion and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD):

Chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) ke liketsahalo tse peli tse ka amang boleng ba matšoao a fetisoang mehalang ea fiber optic. Chromatic dispersion e etsahala ha maqhubu a fapaneng a maqhubu a khanya a tsamaea ka lebelo le fapaneng, e leng se lebisang ho khopamisong ea matšoao. PMD e bakoa ke ho fapana ha lebelo la khaso ea leseli libakeng tse fapaneng tsa polarization. Ka bobeli chromatic dispersion le PMD li ka fokotsa sebaka sa phetisetso le litefiso tsa data. Lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa tlhahlobo li sebelisoa ho lekanya le ho lekola liparamente tsena, ho netefatsa hore thapo ea fiber optic e kopana le litlhaloso tse hlokahalang tsa ts'ebetso.

5. Teko ea Sekhahla sa Phoso ea Bit (BERT):

Bit Error Rate Testing (BERT) e lekanya boleng ba lets'oao le fetisoang ka ho lekola palo ea liphoso tse etsahalang nakong ea phetiso. Teko ea BERT e kenyelletsa ho fetisetsa mokhoa o tsebahalang oa likotoana ka thapo ea fiber optic le ho bapisa mokhoa o amoheloang le o fetisoang. Teko ena e thusa ho tseba litaba tse kang lerata le feteletseng, phokotso ea mats'oao, kapa mathata a mang a ka amang botšepehi le ts'ebetso ea sehokelo sa fiber optic.

6. Tlhahlobo ea Sefahleho sa Sehokelo:

Ho hlahloba lifahleho tsa sehokelo ke tlhahlobo ea pono e netefatsang bohloeki le boleng ba lihokelo. Lerōle, litšila, kapa tšilafalo lifahlehong tsa sehokelo li ka baka tahlehelo ea mats'oao kapa tsa theola boleng ba khokahano. Tlhahlobo e etsoa ho sebelisoa fiberscope kapa microscope ho hlahloba bokaholimo ba sehokelo le ho hloaea bofokoli bofe kapa bofe, mengoapo kapa litšila. Ho hloekisa khafetsa le ho hlahloba lifahleho tsa sehokelo ho thusa ho boloka ts'ebetso ea likhoele tsa fiber optic.

7. Fiber Link Certification:

Liteko tsa setifikeiti li kenyelletsa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea sehokelo sa fiber optic, ho kenyelletsa tlhahlobo, tlhahlobo ea tahlehelo ea mahlo, le netefatso ea liparamente tse ling. Teko ea setifikeiti e netefatsa hore sehokelo sa fiber optic se kopana le litekanyetso le litlhaloso tse hlokahalang tsa indasteri. Teko ea setifikeiti hangata e etsoa ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa setifikeiti sa fiber le software.

Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore mekhoa ea tlhahlobo le lisebelisoa li ka fapana ho latela litlhoko le litekanyetso tse khethehileng tsa marang-rang a fiber optic. Litsebi tse koetlisitsoeng kapa litsebi tse nang le boiphihlelo ba tlhahlobo ea fiber optic li lokela ho etsa liteko tsena ho netefatsa ho nepahala le ho ts'epahala.

Ka ho etsa liteko tsena, o ka lekola ts'ebetso le boleng ba likhoele tsa fiber optic marang-rang a hau, oa bona litaba kapa liphoso leha e le life, 'me u nke mehato e nepahetseng ea ho li lokisa, ho netefatsa puisano e tšepahalang le e sebetsang.

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka boemo bo phahameng ba ts'ireletso ha li bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea likhoele, e leng ho etsa hore li sireletsehe haholoanyane ho tloha ho mamela le ho thibela data. Tlhaloso e felletseng ke ena:

1. Tšireletso ea 'Mele: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li thata haholo ho kena ho tsona ha li bapisoa le lithapo tsa koporo. Lithapo tsa koporo li ntša mats'oao a motlakase a ka amoheloang le ho hlahlojoa. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lithapo tsa fiber optic li fetisa boitsebiso bo sebelisa maqhubu a khanya, a sa ntšeng mats'oao a motlakase a ka amoheloang habonolo. Karolo ena ea ts'ireletso ea 'mele e etsa hore likhoele tsa fiber optic li se ke tsa shejoa habonolo.
2. Tahlehelo ea Letšoao: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le tahlehelo e nyane ea matšoao nakong ea phetisetso. Boiteko leha e le bofe ba ho kena ka har'a thapo ea fiber optic le ho ntša data ho tla baka tahlehelo e kholo matleng a mats'oao, ho etsa hore ho be thata ho amohela le ho manolla tlhahisoleseling e fetisoang. Tahlehelo ena ea lets'oao e bonahala 'me e ka hlokomelisa batsamaisi ba marang-rang ka liteko tse ka bang teng tsa ho mamela.
3. Phetiso ea Leseli: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li sebelisa phetiso e thehiloeng ho leseli, e hlahisang boemo bo bong ba ts'ireletso. Kaha data e fetisoa e le li-pulses tsa leseli, ho thata ho thibela pontšo ntle le ho senya phetiso ka boeona. Ha ho etsoa teko e sa lumelloeng ea ho kena ka har'a thapo ea fiber optic, e baka khefu kapa tšitiso ea lets'oao la leseli, e lemosa batsamaisi ba marang-rang ka teko ea ho senya.
4. Lintlha tse Kokotiloeng: Le hoja likhoele tsa fiber optic ka botsona li sa fane ka encryption, data e fetisoang ka likhoele tsena e ka ngolisoa. Encryption e kenyelletsa ho khouto data ka tsela e ka hlalosoang feela ke mekha e lumelletsoeng ka linotlolo tse loketseng tsa ho khoasolla. Ka ho encryption data, le haeba motho ea sa lumelloeng a khona ho thibela data e fetisoang, ba ke ke ba khona ho manolla tlhahisoleseling e patiloeng.
5. Sireletsehile Marang-rang: Hangata likhoele tsa fiber optic li sebelisoa ka har'a marang-rang a sireletsehileng a marang-rang. Sena se kenyelletsa ho kenya ts'ebetsong mehato e meng ea ts'ireletso e kang li-firewall, lisebelisoa tsa ho lemoha ha motho a kena-kenana, le liprothokholo tsa encryption ea data. Mehato ena ea tlatsetso ea tšireletso e matlafatsa ts'ireletso ka kakaretso ea marang-rang le ho matlafatsa tšireletso khahlanong le ho mamela le ho thibela data.
6. Bothata ba ho Tlanya: Litšobotsi tsa 'mele tsa likhoele tsa fiber optic li etsa hore ho be thata ho thula thapo ntle le ho lemoha. Ha ho bapisoa le likhoele tsa koporo, tse ka kengoang habonolo feela ka ho etsa khokahano ea 'mele, ho tlanya likhoele tsa fiber optic ho hloka lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele le tse ikhethang. Sena se eketsa ts'ireletso e eketsehileng mme se etsa hore ho be thata le ho feta ho batho ba sa lumelloeng ho thibela data.

Le hoja likhoele tsa fiber optic li fana ka boemo bo phahameng ba tšireletso ha bo bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea likhoele, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ha ho tsamaiso e sa sireletsehang ka ho feletseng ho mefuta eohle ea litlhaselo. Ho ntse ho eletsoa ho kenya ts'ebetsong mehato e meng ea ts'ireletso le ho latela mekhoa e metle ho sireletsa lintlha tse tebileng le ho boloka ts'ireletso ea marang-rang.

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le nako e telele ea bophelo e ka nkang lilemo tse mashome. Nako e tloaelehileng ea bophelo ba likhoele tsa fiber optic e ipapisitse le lintlha tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa boleng ba likhoele, tikoloho ea ho kenya, le mekhoa ea tlhokomelo. Tlhaloso e felletseng ke ena:

Boleng ba Lithapo tsa Fiber Optic:

Boleng ba likhoele tsa fiber optic bo bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho lekanyeng nako ea bophelo ba bona. Lithapo tsa boleng bo holimo tse entsoeng ke bahlahisi ba hlomphehang li atisa ho phela nako e telele ha li bapisoa le lithapo tsa boleng bo tlaase kapa tsa maiketsetso. Lithapo tsa boleng bo holimo li etselitsoe ho mamella maemo a tikoloho le ho boloka botsitso ba matšoao ka nako e telele.

Tlhophiso Tikoloho:

Tikoloho ea ho kenya likhoele tsa fiber optic e ka ama bophelo ba bona. Lithapo tse kentsoeng libakeng tse laoloang, joalo ka litlhophiso tsa ka tlung kapa liphaephe tse ka tlas'a lefatše, hangata li pepesehetse likhatello tse fokolang tsa kantle mme li phela nako e telele. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lithapo tse kentsoeng libakeng tse thata haholo, joalo ka tse kentsoeng moeeng, ho kenngoa ka tlas'a metsi, kapa tse kentsoeng kantle tse nang le mocheso o feteletseng kapa mongobo, li ka ba le nako e khuts'oane hanyane ka lebaka la ho pepesehela maemo a tikoloho.

Mekhoa ea ho hlokomela:

Tlhokomelo ea kamehla le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng e ka eketsa nako ea bophelo ea likhoele tsa fiber optic haholo. Litlhahlobo tsa nako le nako, ho hloekisa, le mesebetsi ea ho e lokisa e ka thusa ho tseba le ho rarolla mathata a ka amang ts'ebetso ea likhoele le nako e telele ea bophelo. Ho feta moo, ho latela mekhoa e metle ea ho kenya, joalo ka ho boloka bend radii e nepahetseng le ho sireletsa likhoele tšenyong ea 'mele, le tsona li ka kenya letsoho bophelong bo bolelele ba lithapo.

Maemo a Indasteri le Litiisetso:

Lithapo tsa fiber optic hangata li entsoe le ho etsoa ho latela maemo a indasteri le litlhaloso. Hangata litekanyetso tsena li hlalosa nako e lebelletsoeng ea bophelo ea likhoele tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng a ts'ebetso. Ho feta moo, bahlahisi ba tsebahalang hangata ba fana ka litiisetso bakeng sa likhoele tsa bona, tse ka fang bareki tiisetso ea nako e lebelletsoeng ea bophelo.

Litebello tsa Nako ea Bophelo:

Le hoja ho se na nomoro e tsitsitseng bakeng sa nako ea bophelo ea lithapo tsa fiber optic, ho tloaelehile hore likhoele tsa fiber optic tse kentsoeng hantle le tse hlokometsoeng hantle li tšoarelle lilemo tse 20 ho isa ho tse 30 kapa ho feta. Ebile, ho bile le maemo ao likhoele tsa fiber optic tse kentsoeng lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng li ntse li sebetsa ka ts'epo le kajeno. Hafeela lithapo li sa be tlas'a khatello e feteletseng, tšenyo ea 'mele, kapa maemo a tikoloho a senyang botšepehi ba tsona, li ka fana ka ts'ebetso e tšepahalang ka nako e telele.

Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji le maemo a ntlafatso a indasteri a ka lebisa ho kenngoeng ha mahlale a macha a fiber optic nakong e tlang. Ho ntlafatsa ho ea ho litheknoloji tse ncha ho ka fana ka ts'ebetso le bokhoni bo ntlafetseng, le haeba lithapo tse teng li ntse li sebetsa nakong ea bophelo ba tsona bo lebelletsoeng.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, nako e tloaelehileng ea bophelo ea likhoele tsa fiber optic e ka tsoela pele ka lilemo tse mashome haeba e le tsa boleng bo holimo, li kentsoe ka mokhoa o nahanang, li hlokometsoe hantle, 'me li sebelisoa libakeng tse loketseng. Ho latela maemo a indasteri, likhothaletso tsa bahlahisi, le mekhoa ea kamehla ea tlhokomelo e ka thusa ho netefatsa bophelo bo bolelele le ts'ebetso e tšepahalang ea likhoele tsa fiber optic marang-rang.

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka sebelisoa maemong a thata a tikoloho, ho kenyeletsoa mocheso o feteletseng le mongobo o phahameng. Leha ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka lintlha tse itseng le ho khetha mefuta e nepahetseng ea likhoele tsa fiber optic tse etselitsoeng maemo a joalo ka ho khetheha. Tlhaloso e felletseng ke ena:

Mocheso o Feteletseng:

• Mocheso o Phahameng: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka etsoa hore li khone ho mamella mocheso o phahameng, ho li lumella ho sebelisoa libakeng tseo mocheso o fihlang kapa o fetang maemo a tloaelehileng a ts'ebetso. Lithapo tse khethehileng tse nang le thepa e hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng, tse kang acrylate ea mocheso o phahameng kapa li-coatings tsa polyimide, li fumaneha bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse kang mekhoa ea indasteri, sebaka sa sefofane, kapa tlhahiso ea mocheso o phahameng.
• Mocheso o Tlase: Lithapo tsa fiber optic le tsona li ka etsoa hore li khone ho mamella mocheso o tlase, li nolofalletsa tšebeliso ea tsona libakeng tse batang haholo. Lithapo tse nang le lisebelisoa tse nang le mocheso o tlaase, tse kang mosi o tlaase oa zero-halogen (LSZH) kapa li-acrylate tse nang le mocheso o tlaase, li loketse ho sebelisoa libakeng tsa polokelo tse batang, libaka tsa arctic, kapa sebaka se ka ntle.

Ho bohlokoa ho khetha likhoele tsa fiber optic tse nang le litekanyetso tse nepahetseng tsa mocheso ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea tsona e tšepahalang maemong a mocheso o feteletseng. Lithapo tsa boleng bo holimo hangata li fana ka mefuta e pharalletseng ea mocheso bakeng sa ho romelloa.

Mongobo o Phahameng le Mongobo:

• Mongobo oa Kantle le oa Ka Hare: Lithapo tsa fiber optic tse sebelisoang libakeng tsa kantle kapa tsa kahare tse nang le mongobo o phahameng li lokela ho etsoa ka thepa e thibelang metsi kapa e thibelang metsi. Hangata likhoele tsena li na le meaho e tlatsitsoeng ka li-gel kapa e koetsoeng e thibelang mongobo ho kenella ka har'a thapo le ho baka ho senyeha ha lets'oao.
• Lisebelisoa tse ka tlas'a metsi kapa tse ka tlas'a metsi: Lithapo tsa fiber optic tse etselitsoeng ho sebetsa ka tlas'a metsi kapa tse ka tlas'a metsi, joalo ka likhokahano tsa likhokahano tse ka tlas'a metsi kapa tikoloho ea leoatle, li entsoe ka mokhoa o ikhethileng hore li se ke tsa bola le ho bola. Lithapo tsena li na le likarolo tse ling tse sireletsang, tse kang lisebelisoa tse thibelang metsi le lijase tse ka ntle tse matla, ho mamella ho pepesehela metsi le mongobo nako e telele.

Lithapo tse etselitsoeng maemo a thata a tikoloho hangata li lumellana le maemo a itseng a indasteri kapa litifikeiti, joalo ka litekanyetso tsa International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) kapa National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). Litekanyetso tsena li hlalosa maemo a tikoloho ao likhoele li ka sebetsang ka mokhoa o tšepahalang.

Ho bohlokoa ho bolela hore maemo a feteletseng a tikoloho a ntse a ka ama ts'ebetso ea likhoele tsa fiber optic. Ka hona, ke habohlokoa ho nahana ka mehato e meng ea tšireletso, e kang tsamaiso e nepahetseng ea lithapo, libaka tsa ho kena tsa ho tiisa, kapa ho sebelisa mekotla e sireletsang, ho sireletsa lithapo linthong tse ka ntle tse ka senyang ts'ebetso ea tsona.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka sebelisoa maemong a thata a tikoloho, ho kenyeletsoa mocheso o feteletseng le mongobo o phahameng, ha feela li etselitsoe le ho lekanyetsoa maemo ao. Ka ho khetha lithapo tse nang le litekanyetso tse nepahetseng tsa mocheso le mocheso oa ho hanyetsa mongobo, le ho kenya ts'ebetsong mehato e nepahetseng ea tšireletso, likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka sebetsa ka botšepehi maemong a mangata a hlokang tikoloho.

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka sebetsana le ho kobeha le ho reteleha ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, empa ho na le meeli e lokelang ho nahanoa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng le ho qoba tahlehelo ea matšoao. Tlhaloso e felletseng ke ena:

Kobang Radius:

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le lintlha tse tlase tsa radius tse kobehang tse hlalosang radius e nyane haholo eo li ka kobehang ho eona ntle le ho senya mats'oao. Radius e kobehang hangata e hlalosoa ke moetsi oa lithapo mme e ipapisitse le mofuta oa thapo le moralo. Ke habohlokoa ho khomarela litlhaloso tsena ho thibela tahlehelo e feteletseng kapa tšenyo ea fiber.

Fiber ea Mokhoa o le Mong (SMF):

Fiber ea mofuta o le mong (SMF) e na le boholo bo bonyenyane ba mantlha 'me e khona ho kobeha ha e bapisoa le fiber ea multimode. SMF ka kakaretso e na le tlhokahalo e thata ea radius ho boloka boleng bo nepahetseng ba lets'oao. Ho kobeha SMF ka nqane ho radius e khothalelitsoeng ho ka baka ho fokotseha ho hoholo, tahlehelo ea matla a lets'oao, kapa esita le ho robeha ha fiber.

Multimode Fiber (MMF):

Multimode fiber (MMF) hangata e na le boholo bo boholo ba mantlha, bo lumellang mamello e kholo ea ho kobeha ha e bapisoa le SMF. MMF ka kakaretso e na le tlhokahalo ea radius e phutholohileng haholoanyane. Leha ho le joalo, ho ntse ho le bohlokoa ho khomarela litlhaloso tsa moetsi ho qoba tahlehelo leha e le efe e ka bang teng kapa ho senyeha ha pontšo.

Meeli le Mehopolo:

Leha ho na le ho tenyetseha ha likhoele tsa fiber optic, ho na le mefokolo le lintlha tse lokelang ho hopoloa:

1. Nako e Nyenyane ea ho Kobela: Ho feta bonyane ba radius e kobehang e boletsoeng ke moetsi oa li-cable ho ka lebisa tahlehelong e eketsehileng ea mats'oao, ho fokotseha, le tšenyo e ka bang teng ho fiber. Ke habohlokoa ho latela litlhahiso tsa moetsi bakeng sa mofuta o khethehileng oa cable.
2. Bend-Insensitive Fiber: Lithapo tse ling tsa fiber optic li entsoe ka likhoele tse sa kobeheng. Likhoele tsena li ntlafalitse ts'ebetso maemong a thata a kobehang, a lumellang hore ho be le maemo a bonolo a ho tsamaisa lithapo. Lithapo tse sa utloeng bohloko li ka sebetsana le ho kobeha ho thata ntle le tahlehelo e kholo ea mats'oao.
3. Mekhoa ea ho Kena: Mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho kenya li-cable, joalo ka ho kobeha butle-butle le ho qoba li-kinks tse bohale, ke tsa bohlokoa ho boloka botšepehi ba matšoao. Ho kenya likhoele ka matla a feteletseng kapa ho li kobeha likhutlong tse nchocho ho ka baka ho se tsamaisane ha fiber, ho fokotseha ho hoholo, kapa ho robeha ha fiber.
4. Lik'habole tse Bend-Optimized: Lithapo tsa fiber optic tse kobehileng li fumaneha 'marakeng ka ho khetheha ho mamella ho kobeha ho thata ntle le ts'ebetso e sa tsitsang. Lithapo tsena li sebelisa meralo e khethehileng ea likhoele kapa likhoele tse fokotsang tahlehelo ea mats'oao maemong a kobehang.
5. Liphello tsa nako e telele: Le hoja likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka mamella ho kobeha ha nakoana nakong ea ho kenya kapa ho e lokisa, ho kobeha ha nako e telele kapa ho sa feleng ho ka ba le litlamorao tse senyang tšebetso ea thapo ha nako e ntse e ea. Ho kobeha nako e telele ho ka fella ka ho fokotseha ha matšoao kapa ho hlōleha ha fiber.
6. Mefuta ea Lifaeba le Kaho ea Lithapo: Mefuta e fapaneng ea likhoele le meaho ea likhoele li na le litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa ho kobeha. Ho bohlokoa ho khetha mofuta o nepahetseng oa fiber le kaho ea cable ho latela litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa kopo le boemo bo lebelletsoeng ba ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho hlokahalang.

Ka kakaretso, likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka sebetsana le ho kobeha le ho reteleha ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, empa ho na le mefokolo le mehopolo ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng. Ho bohlokoa ho ikamahanya le lintlha tsa moetsi bakeng sa radius e kobehang bonyane le ho sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho kenya ho qoba tahlehelo e feteletseng ea mats'oao, attenuation kapa tšenyo ea fiber. Ka ho latela litataiso tsena, likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka boloka phetiso ea mats'oao e tšepahalang le ha e kobeha le ho thinya ka har'a meeli ea eona e boletsoeng.

Ho na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea likhokahanyo e sebelisoang ka likhoele tsa fiber optic, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le litšobotsi tsa eona, melemo le lits'ebetso. Mona ke tlhaloso e qaqileng ea mefuta e meng ea likhokahanyo tse sebelisoang hangata:

1. SC (Sehokelo sa Moreri):

Lihokelo tsa SC ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e tsebahalang haholo ea likhokahanyo. Li na le mochini o kopanyang oa sebopeho sa lisekoere, o tiisang likhokahano tse sireletsehileng. Lihokelo tsa SC li bonolo ho kenya le ho li tlosa, ho etsa hore li sebelisoe haholo marang-rang a likhokahano tsa data, lits'ebetso tsa mehala, le lits'ebetso tsa cable television (CATV).

2. LC (Lucent Connector):

Lihokelo tsa LC li nyane ka boholo ha li bapisoa le likhokahano tsa SC. Ba sebelisa mochine o kopanyang oa push-pull o ts'oanang le lihokelo tsa SC, ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho kenya le ho o tlosa libakeng tse nang le maemo a phahameng. Lihokelo tsa LC li sebelisoa hangata lits'ebetsong tsa setsi sa data, lits'ebetsong tsa fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), le lits'ebetsong tsa marang-rang tse lebelo le holimo.

3. ST (Keletso e Otlolohileng):

Lihokelo tsa ST li na le mochine o chitja, oa mokhoa oa bayonet. Li batla li le bonolo ho li kenya le ho fana ka likhokahano tse sireletsehileng. Lihokelo tsa ST li sebelisoa hangata ho marang-rang a sebaka sa lehae (LANs), cabling ea premises, le marang-rang a fiber optic a hlokang likhokahano tse tšepahalang le tse matla.

4. FC (Sehokelo sa Ferrule):

Lihokelo tsa FC li sebelisa mochini o kopanyang likhoele o fanang ka khokahano e sireletsehileng haholoanyane le e tsitsitseng. Li sebelisoa hangata ho marang-rang a likhokahano, lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo, le lits'ebetso tse nepahetseng haholo tse hlokang ho lokisoa ho nepahetseng haholo.

5. MTRJ (Mechanical Transfer Register Jack Jack):

Lihokelo tsa MTRJ ke lihokelo tse habeli, ho bolelang hore li na le likhoele tse peli sehokelong se le seng. Ba sebelisa mochine oa push-pull latching o ts'oanang le oa sehokelo sa RJ45 se sebelisoang likhokahanong tsa Ethernet. Lihokelo tsa MTRJ li sebelisoa haholo libakeng tsa cabling, phetiso ea data, le lits'ebetso tsa multimedia.

6. MT-RJ (Mechanical Transfer - Jack E Ngolisitsoeng):

Lihokelo tsa MT-RJ le tsona ke lihokelo tse habeli tse kopanyang likhoele tse peli sehokelong se le seng. Li na le mochine oa ho hula-pull latching 'me li nyenyane ka boholo ha li bapisoa le lihokelo tsa MTRJ. Li-connectors tsa MT-RJ li atisa ho sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse phahameng haholo, tse kang litsi tsa data le marang-rang a puisano.

7. MPO/MTP (Multi-fiber Push-On/Multi-Fiber Termination Push-on):

Lihokelo tsa MPO/MTP ke likhokahano tse nang le likhoele tse ngata tse khonang ho amohela likhoele tse ngata sehokelong se le seng. Li sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tse phahameng haholo tse kang litsi tsa data le marang-rang a mokokotlo. Lihokelo tsa MPO/MTP li nolofalletsa likhokahano tse potlakileng le tse sebetsang hantle bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse phahameng tsa bandwidth, ho kenyeletsoa phetiso ea data ea lebelo le holimo le li-optics tse tšoanang.

Mefuta ena ea likhokahanyo e boletsoeng ka holimo e emela tse ling tsa tse sebelisoang haholo. Ho na le mefuta e meng ea likhokahanyo e fumanehang hape, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e etselitsoe lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng kapa litlhoko tsa indasteri. Ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka lintlha tse kang boiketlo ba ho kenya, litlhoko tsa ho teteana, le ho lumellana le lisebelisoa ha u khetha mofuta o nepahetseng oa sehokelo bakeng sa ho kenya fiber optic e itseng.

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka phetoho bakeng sa lintlafatso tsa nako e tlang le katoloso ea marang-rang. Mona ke tlhaloso e felletseng ea hore na likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka ntlafatsoa kapa tsa atolosoa joang:

1. Ho ikamahanya le maemo:

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka scalability, tse lumellang lintlafatso le katoloso ea nako e tlang ntle le tlhoko ea liphetoho tse kholo tsa meaho. Bokhoni bo phahameng ba bandwidth ea likhoele tsa fiber optic bo nolofalletsa phetiso ea data e ngata, e amohelang kholo ea nako e tlang le litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa bandwidth.

2. Ho ntlafatsa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang:

Ho ntlafatsa kapa ho atolosa marang-rang a fiber optic hangata ho ka finyelloa ka ho ntlafatsa thepa ea marang-rang e hokahantsoeng le likhoele tse teng tsa fiber optic. Ha theknoloji e ntse e fetoha le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa data li fumaneha, lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang tse kang li-switches, li-routers le li-transceivers li ka ntlafatsoa ho tšehetsa litekanyetso tse ncha. Lithapo tse teng tsa fiber optic li ka lula li le teng, kaha li khona ho sebetsana le litefiso tse eketsehileng tsa data.

3. Ho lumellana le New Technologies:

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li tsamaisana le mahlale a fapaneng a phetiso, liprothokholo, le litefiso tsa data. Khokahano ena e lumella ho hokahanngoa ho se nang moeli ha mahlale a macha le lisebelisoa nakong e tlang. Ha feela lisebelisoa le mahlale a macha a ntse a lumellana le litlhaloso tsa likhoele tsa fiber optic, ho ntlafatsa kapa ho holisa marang-rang ho ba bonolo.

4. Mokhoa oa ho haha ​​oa Passive Optical Network (PON):

Marang-rang a Fiber optic a sebelisang meaho ea Passive Optical Network (PON) a loketse haholo lintlafatso le likatoloso tsa nako e tlang. Li-PON li lumella lisebelisoa tsa fiber tse arolelanoang, tse nolofalletsang basebelisi ba bangata ho arolelana likhoele tse tšoanang tsa fiber optic. Lintlafatso ka har'a PON hangata li ka finyelloa ka ho eketsa kapa ho ntlafatsa li-terminals tsa optical line (OLTs) le li-unit network optical (ONUs) ntle le tlhoko ea ho fetola likhoele tsa fiber optic.

5. Fiber Splicing le Lihokelo:

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka atolosoa kapa tsa atolosoa ka ho kopanya likhoele tse eketsehileng tsa fiber optic ho tse teng. Fiber splicing e kenyelletsa ho kopanya ka ho sa feleng likhoele tsa fiber optic ho sebelisa fusion splicing kapa mekhoa ea ho kopanya ka mochini. Sena se lumella ho atolosa marang-rang kapa ho hokahanya likarolo tse ncha tsa marang-rang ntle le tlhokahalo ea lisebelisoa tse kholo tsa cable.

Ho feta moo, lihokelo li ka sebelisoa ho hokahanya likhoele tse eketsehileng tsa fiber optic kapa lisebelisoa ho marang-rang. Lihokelo li fana ka mokhoa o ka tlosoang hape o ka lokisoang bocha oa ho eketsa kapa ho tlosa likhoele kapa likhokahano ha ho hlokahala.

6. Bopaki ba Bokamoso:

Theknoloji ea Fiber optic e nkoa e le bopaki ba bokamoso, ho bolelang hore e ka amohela tsoelo-pele ea nako e tlang le lebelo le phahameng. Ha tlhoko ea phetisetso ea data e ntse e eketseha, likhoele tsa fiber optic li fana ka lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang ho ts'ehetsa tsoelopele ena ntle le ho hloka liphetoho tse kholo ho cabling ea 'mele.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka maemo le scalability e hlokahalang bakeng sa lintlafatso tsa nakong e tlang le katoloso ea marang-rang. Li ka ntlafatsoa habonolo ka ho nkela sebaka kapa ho ntlafatsa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang, ho sebelisa theknoloji e lumellanang, ho kopanya likhoele tse eketsehileng, kapa ho sebelisa likhokahano ho hokahanya lisebelisoa tse ncha kapa likarolo. Lithapo tsa fiber optic li etselitsoe ho amohela tsoelo-pele ea nako e tlang, e leng khetho e ntle bakeng sa moralo oa nako e telele oa marang-rang le kholo.

Lithapo tsa fiber optic ha li hlahise mathata a bohlokoa a bophelo bo botle a amanang le mahlaseli a kotsi kapa masimo a motlakase. Tlhaloso e felletseng ke ena:

1. Ha ho Mesi ea Mahlaseli:

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li sebelisa phetiso e thehiloeng ho leseli ho fetisa data, ho bolelang hore ha li ntše mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa mahlaseli. Ho fapana le theknoloji ea puisano e se nang mohala kapa lithapo tse itseng tsa motlakase, lithapo tsa fiber optic ha li hlahise mahlaseli a motlakase a kang maqhubu a seea-le-moea, li-microwave kapa X-rays. Ka hona, ha ho na kotsi ea ho pepesehela mahlaseli a kotsi a tsoang lithapong tsa fiber optic.

2. Immunity to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI):

O mong oa melemo ea likhoele tsa fiber optic ke ho itšireletsa ha tsona ho tšitiso ea motlakase (EMI). Ho fapana le likhoele tsa koporo, likhoele tsa fiber optic ha li tsamaise motlakase, e leng se etsang hore li hanyetse EMI haholo. Ho itšireletsa hona ho EMI ho netefatsa hore likhoele tsa fiber optic ha li hlahise kapa ho holisa masimo a motlakase a ka sitisang lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki kapa tsa baka mathata a bophelo bo botle.

3. Polokeho Mabakeng a Motlakase:

Hangata likhoele tsa fiber optic li khethoa bakeng sa polokeho ea tsona libakeng tse ka bang kotsi. Ha li na conductive 'me ha li na motlakase, li felisa likotsi tse amanang le ts'oaetso ea motlakase kapa likotsi tsa mollo. Tšobotsi ena e etsa hore likhoele tsa fiber optic li tšoanelehe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa tšebeliso ea liindasteri, lifemeng tsa motlakase, kapa libakeng tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase o phahameng.

4. Ha ho Sensitivity ea Electromagnetic:

Lithapo tsa fiber optic ha li amehe ke masimo a kantle a motlakase kapa lerata la motlakase. Ho fapana le lithapo tsa koporo, tse ka bang kotsing ea ho sitisoa ke lithapo tsa motlakase tse haufi kapa thepa ea motlakase, lithapo tsa fiber optic li ke ke tsa hlaseloa ke motlakase. Tšireletso ena e tiisa hore data e fetisitsoeng e lula e sa amehe 'me e boloka botšepehi ba eona.

5. Ha ho Likotsi tsa Bophelo bo Botle ho Tsoa Lipontšo Tsa Fiber Optic:

Matshwao a lesedi a sebediswang mehalang ya fiber optic ha a kotsi bophelong ba motho. Lipontšo tsa fiber optic hangata li na le matla a tlase 'me li tsamaea ka har'a fiber ntle le ho hasana tikolohong e haufi. Sena se felisa likotsi tse ka bang teng tsa bophelo bo botle tse amanang le ho pepesetsoa mats'oao a mabone a fetisoang.

Ka kakaretso, likhoele tsa fiber optic ha li hlahise mathata a bohlokoa a bophelo bo botle a amanang le mahlaseli a kotsi kapa masimo a motlakase. Ha li hlahise mahlaseli afe kapa afe, ha li na tšitiso ea motlakase, 'me li nkoa li bolokehile libakeng tsa motlakase. Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le o tšepahalang oa phetiso ea data ntle le likotsi tse amanang le bophelo bo botle.

Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea litšenyehelo le tlhokomelo, likhoele tsa fiber optic li na le melemo le lintlha tse itseng ha li bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea likhoele tse kang lithapo tsa koporo kapa tsa coaxial. Tlhaloso e felletseng ke ena:

Litšenyehelo:

1. Litšenyehelo tsa ho Kena: Theko ea pele ea ho kenya likhoele tsa fiber optic hangata e phahame ho feta ea likhoele tsa koporo kapa tsa coaxial. Lithapo tsa fiber optic li hloka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng le boiphihlelo bakeng sa ho kenya. Ntle le moo, litšenyehelo tsa likhokahano tsa fiber optic, lisebelisoa tsa ho emisa, le li-splicers tsa fusion li ka kenya letsoho litšenyehelong tse holimo tsa pele.
2. Theko ea nako e telele: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le molemo o moholo mabapi le litšenyehelo tsa nako e telele. Ka kakaretso li hloka tlhokomelo e fokolang 'me li na le botšepehi bo phahameng, e leng se bakang litšenyehelo tse tlaase tsa tlhokomelo le tokiso ha nako e ntse e ea. Lithapo tsa fiber optic ha li kotsing ea ho kena-kenana le motlakase, ho bola, le tahlehelo ea mats'oao, ho fokotsa tlhoko ea ho nchafatsoa kapa ho lokisoa khafetsa.
3. Bophahamo ba Bandwidth: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka matla a holimo a bandwidth ha a bapisoa le likhoele tsa koporo kapa tsa coaxial. Bokhoni bona bo phahameng bo lumella phetiso ea data e ngata le ho ts'ehetsa marang-rang a lebelo le holimo. Le hoja likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka ba le litšenyehelo tse holimo pele, lebelo le ntseng le eketseha la bandwidth le ka amohela litlhoko tsa data tsa nako e tlang, tse ka fokotsang tlhoko ea lintlafatso tse bitsang chelete e ngata nakong e tlang.

Tlhokomelo:

1. Ho tšoarella le ho Tšepahala: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li tšoarella haholo ebile lia tšepahala. Ha ba na monyetla oa ho senyeha ho tsoa ho maemo a tikoloho joalo ka ho fetoha ha mocheso, mongobo le tšitiso ea motlakase. Ho tšepahala hona ho fokotsa tlhokahalo ea ho hlokomeloa khafetsa kapa ho nkeloa sebaka.
2. Letšoao la Botšepehi: Lithapo tsa fiber optic ha li kotsing ea tahlehelo ea matšoao le tšitiso ha li bapisoa le likhoele tsa koporo kapa tsa coaxial. Sena se bolela hore boleng ba matšoao a fetisitsoeng bo lula bo phahame, bo fella ka ts'ebetso e ntle ea marang-rang le mathata a fokolang a tlhokomelo.
3. Litlhoko tsa tlhokomelo e tlase: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le litlhoko tse fokolang tsa tlhokomelo ha li bapisoa le likhoele tsa koporo kapa tsa coaxial. Ha li amehe ke kutu, 'me tlhaho ea tsona e bobebe le e tenyetsehang e etsa hore ho be bonolo ho kenya le ho hlokomela. Ho feta moo, likhoele tsa fiber optic ha li hloke hore li felisoe nako le nako joalo ka likhoele tsa koporo, tse ka fokotsang boiteko le litšenyehelo.
4. Nako ea ho Fokotsa: Ka lebaka la ts'epahalo ea tsona le ponts'o ea matšoao, lithapo tsa fiber optic hangata li na le ho tima kapa ho theoha ho fokolang ha li bapisoa le likhoele tsa koporo kapa tsa coaxial. Sena se fetolela ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo tse amanang le ho hlahloba le ho rarolla mathata a marang-rang.
5. Ho Rarolla Mathata ka potlako: Ha ho na le mathata a marang-rang, ho rarolla mathata a likhoele tsa fiber optic hangata ho potlakile ebile ho sebetsa hantle. Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka lekoa ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tse kang OTDR (Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer), e fanang ka lintlha tse qaqileng mabapi le ts'ebetso ea cable le ho thusa ho fumana sebaka se nepahetseng sa liphoso kapa khefu.

Ka kakaretso, ha likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka ba le litšenyehelo tse holimo tsa ho kenya, li fana ka poloko ea nako e telele ea litšenyehelo ka lebaka la litlhoko tse tlase tsa tlhokomelo le ts'epo e phahameng. Lithapo tsa fiber optic le tsona li fana ka melemo ho latela bokhoni ba bandwidth le botšepehi ba matšoao. Lintlha tsena li kenya letsoho ts'ebetsong e ntle ea marang-rang, ho fokotsa nako ea ho fokotsa nako, le ho rarolla mathata ka katleho. Ha ho nahanoa ka melemo ea nako e telele, likhoele tsa fiber optic e ka ba khetho e theko e tlaase bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang tse tšepahalang le tse sebetsang hantle.