Tataiso ea ho qetela ea Lithapo tsa Fiber Optic: Metheo, Mahlale, Litloaelo le Malebela

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka lisebelisoa tsa motheo tse nolofalletsang phetisetso ea data ka lebelo le holimo bakeng sa likhokahano tsa mehala, marang-rang le khokahanyo lits'ebetsong tsohle. Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea fiber e ekelitse bokhoni ba bandwidth le sebaka sa hole ha e ntse e fokotsa boholo le litšenyehelo, e lumellang ts'ebetsong e pharaletseng ho tloha telecom ea nako e telele ho ea litsing tsa data le marang-rang a bohlale a metse.

 

Mohloli ona o tebileng o hlalosa likhoele tsa fiber optic ho tsoa kahare. Re tla hlahloba hore na optical fiber e sebetsa joang ho fetisa matšoao a data ka leseli, lintlha tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa li-singlemode le li-multimode fibers, le mefuta ea li-cable e tsebahalang e thehiloeng ho palo ea fiber, bophara, le tšebeliso e reriloeng. Ka tlhokahalo ea li-bandwidth e ntse e hōla ka potlako, ho khetha mohala o nepahetseng oa fiber optic ho latela litlhoko tsa marang-rang bakeng sa sebaka se hole, sekhahla sa data, le ho tšoarella ke senotlolo sa khokahanyo e netefalitsoeng nakong e tlang.

 

E le hore re utloisise likhoele tsa fiber optic, re lokela ho qala ka likhoele tsa optical fiber—likhoele tse tšesaane tsa khalase kapa tsa polasetiki tse tataisang mabone a khanya nakong ea ho khanya ka ho feletseng ka hare. Konokono, ho roala le ho roala tse kenyelletsang khoele e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea fiber li etsa qeto ea hore na e sebelisoa joang. Lithapo tse ngata tsa fiber li kopantsoe ka har'a li-tube tse hlephileng, tse koetsoeng ka thata, kapa likhoele tsa ho tsamaisa lihokelo tsa likhoele lipakeng tsa li-endpoints. Likarolo tsa khokahanyo joalo ka likhokahanyo, liphanele, le lisebelisoa li fana ka lihokelo ho lisebelisoa le mekhoa ea ho lokisa marang-rang a fiber ha ho hlokahala.  

 

Ho kenya le ho felisoa ka nepo ha fiber optic cabling ho hloka ho nepahala le bokhoni ba ho fokotsa tahlehelo le ho netefatsa phetiso e nepahetseng ea mats'oao. Re tla koahela mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho felisa li-fiber tsa singlemode le multimode re sebelisa mefuta e mengata ea lihokelo tse kang LC, SC, ST, le MPO. Ka tlhokomeliso ea mekhoa e metle, litsebi tse ncha li ka rala le ho sebelisa marang-rang a fiber bakeng sa ts'ebetso e phahameng le scalability.

 

Ho phethela, re tšohla lintlha tsa ho rera marang-rang a fiber optic le litsela tse ka fetohang ho tšehetsa litlhoko tsa bandwidth tsa nako e tlang. Tataiso e tsoang ho litsebi tsa indasteri e fana ka leseli le eketsehileng mabapi le mekhoa ea hajoale le e ntseng e hlaha e susumetsang kholo ea fiber ho telecom, setsi sa data le meaho e bohlale ea toropo.    

Lipotso Tse Atisang ho Botsoa (FAQ)

Q1: Mohala oa fiber optic ke eng?

 

A1: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li entsoe ka khoele e le 'ngoe kapa tse ngata tsa optical, e leng likhoele tse tšesaane tsa khalase kapa polasetiki e ka fetisang data ka mats'oao a bobebe. Lithapo tsena li sebelisetsoa puisano e potlakileng le ea nako e telele, e fana ka litekanyetso tse potlakileng tsa ho fetisetsa data ha li bapisoa le lithapo tsa koporo tse tloaelehileng.

 

Q2: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li sebetsa joang?

 

A2: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fetisa data li sebelisa likhahla tsa khanya ka likhoele tse tšesaane tsa khalase e hloekileng kapa likhoele tsa polasetiki. Likhoele tsena li jara mats'oao a leseli maetong a malelele ka tahlehelo e nyane ea matšoao, e fana ka puisano e potlakileng le e tšepahalang.

 

Q3: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li kentsoe joang?

 

A3: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka kengoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng, joalo ka ho hula kapa ho sututsa likhoele ka har'a likotopo kapa likotopo, ho kengoa ka sefofane ho sebelisa lipalo kapa litora, kapa ho pata ka kotloloho mobung. Mokhoa oa ho kenya o ipapisitse le lintlha tse kang tikoloho, sebaka, le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa morero. Ho kenya mohala oa fiber optic ho hloka tsebo le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng, empa ha ho hlile ha ho thata. Koetliso e nepahetseng le tsebo ea mekhoa ea ho kenya, e kang fiber splicing kapa ho emisa sehokelo, ke tsa bohlokoa. Ho kgothaletswa ho kopanya litsebi tse nang le phihlelo kapa litsebi tse tiisitsoeng bakeng sa ho kenya ho etsa bonnete ba ho sebetsana hantle le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng.

 

Q4: Nako ea bophelo ea likhoele tsa fiber optic ke efe?

 

A4: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li na le nako e telele ea bophelo, hangata ho tloha ho lilemo tse 20 ho isa ho tse 30 kapa ho feta. Li tsejoa ka ho tšoarella ha tsona le ho hanyetsa ho senyeha ha nako e ntse e ea.

 

Q5: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li ka fetisetsa data hole hakae?

 

A5: Sebaka sa phetisetso ea likhoele tsa fiber optic se ipapisitse le lintlha tse fapaneng, joalo ka mofuta oa fiber, sekhahla sa data, le lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang tse sebelisitsoeng. Likhoele tsa mofuta o le mong li ka fetisa data libakeng tse telele, hangata ho tloha ho lik'hilomithara tse 'maloa ho isa ho tse makholo a lik'hilomithara, ha likhoele tsa multimode li loketse sebaka se khuts'oane, hangata ka har'a limithara tse makholo a seng makae.

 

Q6: Na likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka aroloa kapa tsa hokeloa?

 

A6: E, likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka aroloa kapa tsa hokeloa. Fusion splicing le mechanical splicing ke mekhoa e sebelisoang hangata ho kopanya likhoele tse peli kapa ho feta tsa fiber optic hammoho. Ho kopanya ho lumella ho atolosa marang-rang, ho hokahanya likhoele, kapa ho lokisa likarolo tse senyehileng.

 

Q7: Na likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa phetiso ea lentsoe le data?

 

A7: E, likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka tsamaisa mats'oao a lentsoe le data ka nako e le 'ngoe. Hangata li sebelisoa bakeng sa likhokahano tsa marang-rang tse lebelo le holimo, ho phallela video, likhokahano tsa mehala, le lits'ebetso tsa voice-over-IP (VoIP).

 

Q8: Melemo ea likhoele tsa fiber optic holim'a likhoele tsa koporo ke efe?

 

A8: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka melemo e mengata ho feta likhoele tsa khale tsa koporo, ho kenyelletsa:

 

• Bophahamo bo boholoanyane: Fiber optics e ka fetisa data e ngata libakeng tse telele ho bapisoa le likhoele tsa koporo.
• Ho itšireletsa khahlanong le tšitiso ea motlakase: Lithapo tsa fiber optic ha li amehe ke masimo a motlakase, ho netefatsa phetisetso ea data e tšepahalang.
• Tšireletseho e ntlafetseng: Fiber optics ho thata ho kena ho eona, e leng ho etsang hore e sireletsehe haholoanyane bakeng sa ho fetisa boitsebiso ba bohlokoa.
• E bobebe ebile e tšesaane: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li bobebe ebile li tšesaane, li etsa hore ho be bonolo ho li kenya le ho li tšoara.

 

Q9: Na likhoele tsohle tsa fiber optic lia tšoana?

 

A9: Che, likhoele tsa fiber optic li tla ka mefuta le litlhophiso tse fapaneng ho fihlela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebeliso. Mefuta e 'meli e meholo ke lithapo tsa mofuta o le mong le li-multimode. Lithapo tsa mofuta o le mong li na le mokokotlo o monyane 'me li khona ho fetisa data libakeng tse telele, ha lithapo tsa multimode li na le konokono e kholoanyane le ho ts'ehetsa libaka tse khuts'oane. Ho feta moo, ho na le meralo e fapaneng ea lithapo ho fihlela litlhoko tse ikhethileng, joalo ka lithapo tsa loose-tube, tse koetsoeng ka thata, kapa lithapo.

 

Q10: Na likhoele tsa fiber optic li bolokehile ho sebetsa?

 

A10: Lithapo tsa fiber optic hangata li bolokehile ho sebetsa. Ho fapana le lithapo tsa koporo, lithapo tsa fiber optic ha li nke motlakase, e leng ho felisang kotsi ea ho tsosoa ke motlakase. Leha ho le joalo, tlhokomeliso e lokela ho sebelisoa ho thibela likotsi tsa mahlo tse tsoang mehloling ea khanya ea laser e sebelisetsoang tlhahlobo kapa tlhokomelo. Ho khothaletsoa ho roala thepa e nepahetseng ea ho itšireletsa (PPE) le ho latela litataiso tsa polokeho ha u sebetsa ka likhoele tsa fiber optic.

 

Q11: Na lisebelisoa tsa khale tsa marang-rang li ka ntlafatsoa ho ba likhoele tsa fiber optic?

 

A11: E, lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang tse teng li ka ntlafatsoa ho ba likhoele tsa fiber optic. Sena se ka kenyelletsa ho fetola kapa ho lokisa litsamaiso tsa koporo ka lisebelisoa tsa fiber optic. Phetoho ho fiber optics e fana ka ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng le bokhoni ba bopaki ba nako e tlang, ho netefatsa bokhoni ba ho fihlela litlhoko tse ntseng li hola tsa bandwidth ea litsamaiso tsa sejoale-joale tsa puisano.

 

Q12: Na likhoele tsa fiber optic ha li na mabaka a tikoloho?

 

A12: Lithapo tsa fiber optic li etselitsoe ho hanana le maemo a fapaneng a tikoloho. Li khona ho mamella ho fetoha ha mocheso, mongobo, esita le ho pepesehela lik'hemik'hale. Leha ho le joalo, maemo a feteletseng a tikoloho joalo ka ho kobeha ho feteletseng kapa ho sithabela ho ka ama ts'ebetso ea likhoele.

Fiber Optic Networking Glossary

• Bonolo - Ho fokotseha ha matla a lets'oao ho latela bolelele ba fiber ea optical. E lekantsoe ka li-decibel ka khilomithara (dB/km). 
• kgonothebolo - Boholo ba data bo ka fetisoang holim'a marang-rang ka nako e behiloeng. Bandwidth e lekanngoa ka megabits kapa gigabits ka motsotsoana.
• Cladding - Lera le ka ntle le pota-potileng khubu ea fiber ea optical. E na le index e tlase ea refractive ho feta ea mantlha, e bakang khanya eohle ea kahare ea leseli ka har'a mantlha.
• sehokedi - Sesebelisoa sa ho emisa ka mochini se sebelisetsoang ho hokela likhoele tsa fiber optic ho kopanya liphanele, lisebelisoa kapa likhoele tse ling. Mehlala ke likhokahanyo tsa LC, SC, ST le FC. 
• konokono - Bohareng ba fiber ea optical eo khanya e atang ka eona ka ponahalo e felletseng ea kahare. E entsoe ka khalase kapa polasetiki 'me e na le index e phahameng ea refractive ho feta cladding.
• dB (decibel) - Tekanyo ea tekanyo e emelang tekanyo ea logarithmic ea maemo a mabeli a matšoao. E sebelisoa ho hlahisa tahlehelo ea matla (attenuation) likhokahanong tsa fiber optic. 
• Ethernet - Theknoloji ea marang-rang bakeng sa marang-rang a sebaka sa lehae (LANs) e sebelisang fiber optic cabling 'me e matha holim'a lithapo tse sothehileng kapa lithapo tsa coaxial. Maemo a kenyelletsa 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX le 10GBASE-SR. 
• Jumper - Thapo e khuts'oane ea patch e sebelisetsoang ho hokahanya likaroloana tsa fiber optic kapa ho etsa likhokahano tse fapaneng lits'ebetsong tsa cabling. E boetse e bitsoa patch cord. 
• Tahlehelo - Phokotso ea matla a lets'oao la optical nakong ea phetiso ka sehokelo sa fiber optic. E lekantsoe ka li-decibel (dB) ka maemo a mangata a marang-rang a faeba a totobatsang boleng ba tahlehelo bo mamellehang.
• Modal Bandwidth - Maqhubu a phahameng ka ho fetisisa ao mekhoa e mengata ea khanya e ka jalang ka katleho fiber ea mefuta e mengata. E lekantsoe ka megahertz (MHz) ka k'hilomithara. 
• Sekoti sa Numere - Tekanyo ea khaello e amohelang khanya ea fiber ea optical. Lithapo tse nang le NA e phahameng li ka amohela khanya e kenang ka li-angles tse pharaletseng, empa hangata li na le ho fokotseha ho hoholo. 
• Refractive Index - Tekanyo ea hore na leseli le ata kapele hakae ka thepa. Ha index ea refractive e phahame, leseli le tsamaea butle ka har'a thepa. Phapang ea index ea refractive lipakeng tsa mantlha le cladding e lumella pono e felletseng ea kahare.
• Fibre e le 'ngoe - Fiber ea optical e nang le bophara bo bonyenyane ba mantlha bo lumellang mokhoa o le mong feela oa leseli ho ata. E sebelisoa bakeng sa phetiso ea sebaka se selelele sa bandwidth ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea eona e tlase. Boholo bo tloaelehileng ba mantlha ba li-microns tse 8-10. 
• Senya - Lenonyeletso le sa feleng pakeng tsa likhoele tse peli tsa optical kapa likhoele tse peli tsa fiber optic. E hloka mochini oa splice ho kopanya hantle li-cores tsa khalase bakeng sa tsela e tsoelang pele ea phetisetso e nang le tahlehelo e nyane.

 

Bala hape: Fiber Optic Cable Terminology 101: Lethathamo le Feletseng & Hlalosa

Lithapo tsa Fiber Optic ke Eng? 

Lithapo tsa fiber optic ke likhoele tse telele, tse tšesaane tsa khalase e hloekileng haholo fetisa litaba tsa dijithale libakeng tse telele. Li entsoe ka khalase ea silica 'me li na le likhoele tse tsamaisang leseli tse hlophisitsoeng ka dingata kapa li ngata. Leseli le bohareng ba fiber le tsamaea ka har'a khoele ka ho lula le bonahatsa moeli o pakeng tsa khubu le ho koala.

 

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea likhoele tsa fiber optic: mokhoa o le mong le oa mefuta e mengata. Likhoele tsa mokhoa o le mong ho ba le motheo o moqotetsane o lumellang hore ho fetisoe mokhoa o le mong oa khanya, athe likhoele tsa mefuta e mengata e na le motheo o pharaletseng o lumellang mekhoa e mengata ea leseli ho fetisoa ka nako e le 'ngoe. Li-fibers tsa mofuta o le mong hangata li sebelisoa bakeng sa phetisetso ea sebaka se selelele, athe likhoele tse nang le mefuta e mengata li ntle bakeng sa libaka tse khuts'oane. Li-cores tsa mefuta e 'meli ea likhoele li entsoe ka khalase ea silika e hloekileng haholo, empa likhoele tsa mofuta o le mong li hloka mamello e matla ho hlahisa.

 

Lihlopha ke tsena:

 

Mefuta ea likhoele tsa fiber optic ea mode e le 'ngoe

 

• OS1/OS2: E etselitsoe li-network tsa bandwidth tse phahameng libakeng tse telele. Boholo bo tloaelehileng ba li-microns tse 8.3. E sebelisoa bakeng sa mofani oa litšebeletso tsa mehala, lihokelo tsa mokokotlo oa khoebo le lihokelo tsa data center.
• E tlatsitsoeng ka li-tube tse hlephileng: Lithapo tse ngata tsa 250um tse ka har'a li-tubes tse hlephileng tse nang le mebala ka baki ea kantle. E sebelisoa bakeng sa ho kenya limela ka ntle.
• E thibetsoe ka thata: Likhoele tse 250um tse nang le lera le sireletsang tlas'a baki. E boetse e sebelisoa bakeng sa semela se kantle meleng ea moea, likotopo le likotopo.

 

Mefuta ea li-cable tsa Multimode fiber optic: 

 

• OM1/OM2: Bakeng sa libaka tse khutšoane, bandwidth e tlase. Boholo ba li-microns tse 62.5. Haholo-holo bakeng sa marang-rang a khale.
• OM3: Bakeng sa 10Gb Ethernet ho fihla ho 300m. Boholo ba li-microns tse 50. E sebelisoa litsing tsa data le ho haha ​​​​backbones.  
• OM4: Bophahamo bo phahameng ho feta OM3 bakeng sa 100G Ethernet le 400G Ethernet ho fihla ho 150m. Hape ke 50 micron core. 
• OM5: Tekanyetso ea morao-rao bakeng sa bandwidth e phahameng ka ho fetisisa (ho fihla ho 100G Ethernet) ho feta libaka tse khutšoanyane (bonyane 100m). Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlahang joalo ka 50G PON ho marang-rang a 5G a se nang mohala le a bohlale a toropo. 
• Lithapo tsa kabo: E na le likhoele tse 6 kapa 12 250um bakeng sa khokahano lipakeng tsa likamore tsa mehala/mabato a moaho.  

 

Lithapo tse kopantsoeng tse nang le li-singlemode le li-multimode fibers le tsona li sebelisoa hangata bakeng sa likhokahano tsa mokokotlo oa meaho moo mekhoa ka bobeli e tlamehang ho tšehetsoa.      

 

Bala hape: Face-Off: Multimode Fiber Optic Cable vs Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable

 

Lithapo tsa fiber optic hangata li na le likhoele tse ngata tse kopantsoeng hammoho bakeng sa matla le tšireletso. Ka hare ho mohala, fiber e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e koahetsoe ka polasetiki ea eona e sireletsang 'me e sireletsoa ho feta tšenyo e ka ntle le khanya e nang le tšireletso e eketsehileng le ho pata pakeng tsa likhoele le ka ntle ho mohala oohle. Lithapo tse ling li boetse li na le lisebelisoa tse thibelang metsi kapa tse thibelang metsi ho thibela tšenyo ea metsi. Ho kenyelletsa hantle ho boetse ho hloka ho kopanya ka hloko le ho emisa likhoele ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea matšoao ka nako e telele.

 

Ha ho bapisoa le lithapo tse tloaelehileng tsa koporo, likhoele tsa fiber optic li fana ka melemo e mengata bakeng sa ho fetisa tlhahisoleseling. Ba na le bandwidth e phahameng haholo, e ba lumellang ho nka data e ngata. Li boima bo bobebe, li tšoarella nako e telele, 'me li khona ho fetisa melaetsa libakeng tse telele. Ha ba na tšitiso ea motlakase 'me ha ba tsamaise motlakase. Sena se boetse se etsa hore li sireletsehe haholoanyane kaha ha li ntše litlhase leha e le life 'me li ke ke tsa thetsoa kapa tsa shejoa habonolo joaloka likhoele tsa koporo. Ka kakaretso, likhoele tsa fiber optic li nolofalelitse keketseho e kholo ea lebelo la khokahanyo ea inthanete le ts'epahalo.

Mefuta e Tloaelehileng ea Lithapo tsa Fiber Optic

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li sebelisoa haholo ho fetisa data le matshwao a puisano ka lebelo le phahameng maetong a malelele. Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea likhoele tsa fiber optic, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e etselitsoe lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng. Karolong ena, re tla tšohla mefuta e meraro e tloaelehileng: thapo ea aerial fiber optic, thapo ea fiber optic e ka tlas'a lefatše, le thapo ea fiber optic e ka tlas'a leoatle.

1. Aerial Fiber Optic Cable

Lithapo tsa aerial fiber optic li etselitsoe hore li kenngoe ka holim'a lefatše, hangata holim'a lipalo kapa litora. Li sirelelitsoe ke lesela le tiileng le ka ntle le sireletsang likhoele tse tetemang ho tloha maemong a leholimo a kang maemo a leholimo, mahlaseli a kotsi a mahlaseli a kotsi le tšitiso ea liphoofolo tse hlaha. Hangata lithapo tsa sefofane li sebelisoa libakeng tsa mahaeng kapa bakeng sa puisano e hōle pakeng tsa metse e meholo. Li na le litšenyehelo tse tlase ebile li bonolo ho li kenya, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e tsebahalang bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa likhokahano tsa mehala libakeng tse itseng.

 

Bala hape: Tataiso e Pharalletseng ho Kaholimo ho Ground Fiber Optic Cable

2. Ka tlas'a lefatše Fiber Optic Cable

Joalo ka ha lebitso le bontša, likhoele tse ka tlas'a lefatše tsa fiber optic li e epetsoeng tlasa mobu ho fana ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng oa phetiso o sirelelitsoeng. Lithapo tsena li etselitsoe ho mamella litlamorao tsa maemo a thata a tikoloho, joalo ka mongobo, ho feto-fetoha ha mocheso le khatello ea maikutlo. Lithapo tse ka tlas’a lefatše li sebelisoa ka tloaelo metseng ea litoropo, moo sebaka se fokolang, ’me ho hlokahala tšireletso khahlanong le tšenyo ea kotsi kapa tšenyo ea thepa. Hangata li kenngoa ka li-conduits tse ka tlas'a lefatše kapa li patoa ka ho toba ka har'a liforo.

3. Undersea Fiber Optic Cable

Lithapo tsa fiber optic tse ka tlas'a leoatle li etselitsoe hore li behoe ka mose ho bodila ba lewatle ho hokahanya lik'honthinente le ho nolofalletsa puisano ea lefats'e. Lithapo tsena li entsoe hore li khone ho mamella khatello e matla le maemo a thata a tikoloho ea ka tlas'a metsi. Hangata li sirelelitsoe ka likarolo tse ngata tsa tšepe kapa lihlomo tsa polyethylene, hammoho le liphahlo tse sa keneleng metsi. Lithapo tse ka tlas'a leoatle li sebelisoa bakeng sa phetiso ea data ea machabeng 'me li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho nolofatseng khokahanyo ea inthanete lefatšeng ka bophara. Li ka tsamaea lik'hilomithara tse likete 'me li bohlokoa bakeng sa puisano ea li-intercontinental, li tšehetsa phetiso ea data e phahameng le khokahanyo ea lefats'e.

4. Direct Buried Fiber Optic Cable

Lithapo tsa fiber optic tse patiloeng ka kotloloho li etselitsoe ho patoa ka kotloloho mobung ntle le tšebeliso ea likotopo kapa likoahelo tse sireletsang. Hangata li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong moo maemo a fatše a loketseng 'me kotsi ea tšenyo kapa tšitiso e tlaase. Lithapo tsena li hahiloe ka likarolo tse ling tsa tšireletso, joalo ka lijaki tse boima le lihlomo, ho mamella likotsi tse ka bang teng joalo ka mongobo, litoeba le khatello ea maikutlo.

5. Ribone Fiber Optic Cable

Lithapo tsa ribone tsa fiber optic li na le likhoele tse ngata tsa optical tse hlophisitsoeng ka meaho e sephara e kang lente. Hangata likhoele li phuthetsoe ka holim'a tse ling, e leng se lumellang hore ho be le lipalo tse phahameng tsa fiber ka har'a thapo e le 'ngoe. Lithapo tsa ribone li sebelisoa hangata lits'ebetsong tse hlokang ho tenyetseha ho hoholo, joalo ka litsi tsa data kapa phapanyetsano ea likhokahano. Li thusa ho sebetsana habonolo, ho kopanya le ho emisa, ho etsa hore e be tse loketseng bakeng sa ho kenya moo ho hlokahalang palo e kholo ea likhoele.

6. Lose Tube Fiber Optic Cable

Lithapo tse hlephileng tsa fiber optic li na le khoele e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta tse kentsoeng ka har'a li-buffer tubes. Li-tubes tsena tsa buffer li sebetsa e le likarolo tsa ts'ireletso bakeng sa likhoele, li fana ka khanyetso khahlano le mongobo, khatello ea mochini le maemo a tikoloho. Lithapo tsa li-tube tse hlephileng li sebelisoa haholo-holo libakeng tse ka ntle kapa tse thata, joalo ka marang-rang a malelele a likhokahano kapa libakeng tse tloaetseng ho feto-fetoha ha mocheso. Moralo o hlephileng oa li-tube o lumella ho tsebahatsa ha fiber habonolo, ho itšehla thajana, le lintlafatso tsa nako e tlang.

7. Sesebelisoa sa Fiber Optic Cable

Lithapo tsa lihlomo tsa fiber optic li matlafatsoa ka likarolo tse ling tsa lihlomo, joalo ka masenke kapa litheipi kapa lithapo tsa aluminium. Lera lena le ekelitsoeng le fana ka tšireletso e matlafalitsoeng khahlanong le tšenyo ea 'mele libakeng tse phephetsang moo likhoele li ka pepesetsoang matla a kantle, ho kenyeletsoa mechini e boima, litoeba kapa maemo a thata a indasteri. Lithapo tsa lihlomo li sebelisoa hangata libakeng tsa indasteri, lits'ebetso tsa merafo, kapa tikolohong e nang le kotsi e kholo ea tšenyo ea kotsi.

 

Mefuta ena e meng ea likhoele tsa fiber optic e fana ka likarolo tse khethehileng le tšireletso ho fihlela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa ho kenya le maemo a tikoloho. Khetho ea mofuta oa thapo e ipapisitse le lintlha tse kang boemo ba ts'ebeliso, ts'ireletso e hlokahalang, mokhoa oa ho kenya, le likotsi tse lebelletsoeng. Ebang ke bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa lepato tse tobileng, ho kenya ts'ebetso e phahameng haholo, marang-rang a kantle, kapa tikoloho e hlokang matla, ho khetha thapo e nepahetseng ea fiber optic ho netefatsa phetiso ea data e tšepahalang le e sebetsang hantle.

8. Mefuta e Ncha ea Fiber Optic Cable

Theknoloji ea Fiber optic e ntse e tsoela pele ho fetoha, ka meralo e mecha ea fiber le lisebelisoa tse nolofalletsang lits'ebetso tse ling. E meng ea mefuta ea morao-rao ea likhoele tsa fiber optic e kenyelletsa:

 

• Li-fibers tse ntlafalitsoeng ka ho kobeha - Likhoele tse nang le index ea mantlha e thibelang tahlehelo ea leseli kapa ts'enyo ea sehokelo sa mantlha ha e kobehile likhutlong tse thata kapa e koetsoe. Likhoele tse kobehang li khona ho mamella radii e kobehileng ho fihla ho 7.5mm bakeng sa mofuta o le mong le 5mm bakeng sa multimode ntle le ho fokotseha ho hoholo. Likhoele tsena li lumella ho tsamaisoa ha fiber libakeng tse sa lokelang bakeng sa bend radii e kholoanyane le ho felisoa ha likhokahanyo tse phahameng haholo. 
• Plastiki optical fibers (POF) - Lithaele tsa mahlo tse entsoeng ka mokokotlo oa polasetiki le ho koaheloa eseng khalase. POF e fetoha le maemo, ho bonolo ho e felisa, ebile e theko e tlase ho feta khalase ea optical fiber. Leha ho le joalo, POF e na le khatello e phahameng le bandwidth e tlase, e e fokotsang ho lihokelo tse ka tlase ho limithara tse 100. POF e na le thuso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki, marang-rang a likoloi, le taolo ea indasteri moo ts'ebetso e phahameng e seng bohlokoa. 
• Multicore fibers - Meralo e mecha ea fiber e nang le 6, 12 kapa esita le 19 e arohaneng ea mofuta o le mong kapa li-cores tsa multimode ka har'a seaparo se tloaelehileng le baki. Li-multicore fibers li ka fetisa matšoao a mangata a fapaneng ka khoele e le 'ngoe ea fiber strand e le 'ngoe le sebaka se le seng sa splice bakeng sa li-cabling tse phahameng. Leha ho le joalo, likhoele tsa multicore li hloka lisebelisoa tsa khokahanyo tse rarahaneng joalo ka li-multicore cleavers le lihokelo tsa MPO. Boholo ba attenuation le bandwidth le tsona li ka fapana le likhoele tsa mantlha tse le 'ngoe le tse peli. Multicore fibers e bona ts'ebeliso ho marang-rang a telecom le data center. 
• Likhoele tsa mantlha tse se nang letho - Mofuta oa faeba o hlahang o nang le kanale e sekoti bohareng e pota-potiloeng ke masela a manyenyane a koallang khanya ka har'a khubu. Likhoele tsa mantlha li na le latency e tlase mme li fokotse litlamorao tse sa thekeseleng tse sothang matšoao, empa li thata ho li etsa le ho nts'etsapele nts'etsopele ea mahlale. Nakong e tlang, li-hollow core fibers li ka nolofalletsa marang-rang a potlakileng ka lebaka la lebelo le ntseng le eketseha leo khanya e ka tsamaeang moeeng le khalase e tiileng. 

 

Leha e ntse e le lihlahisoa tse ikhethang, mefuta e mecha ea fiber e holisa lits'ebetso moo fiber optic cabling e sebetsang le e baballang chelete e ngata, e lumellang marang-rang ho matha ka lebelo le holimo, libakeng tse thata, le libakeng tse khuts'oane. Ha likhoele tse ncha li ntse li ata haholo, li fana ka likhetho tsa ho ntlafatsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang ho latela litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso le litlhoko tsa ho kenya. Ho sebelisa fiber ea moloko o latelang ho boloka theknoloji ea marang-rang e le boemong bo botle.     

Litlhaloso tsa Cable ea Fiber Optic le Khetho

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li tla ka mefuta e fapaneng ho lumellana le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng le litlhoko tsa marang-rang. Litlhaloso tsa mantlha tse lokelang ho nahanoa ha u khetha thapo ea fiber optic li kenyelletsa:

 

• Saese ea boholo - Bophara ba mantlha bo lekanya hore na data e ka fetisoa hakae. Likhoele tsa mokhoa o le mong li na le mokokotlo o monyenyane (8-10 microns) o lumellang mokhoa o le mong feela oa khanya ho ata, o nolofalletsang lebelo le phahameng le libaka tse telele. Likhoele tse nang le mefuta e mengata li na le mokokotlo o moholoanyane (50-62.5 microns) o lumellang mekhoa e mengata ea leseli ho ata, e molemo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa libaka tse khutšoanyane le li-bandwidth tse tlaase.  
• Cladding - The cladding e pota-potile mantlha 'me e na le index e tlase ea refractive, e tšoasang leseli bohareng ka ho bonahatsa ka hare ho kakaretso. Hangata bophara ba li-cladding ke li-microns tse 125 ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba mantlha.
• Buffer Material - Sesebelisoa sa buffer se sireletsa likhoele tsa fiber ho tsoa tšenyong le mongobo. Likhetho tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa Teflon, PVC, le polyethylene. Lithapo tsa ka ntle li hloka lisebelisoa tse thibelang metsi, tse thibelang boemo ba leholimo. 
• Jacket - Jacket ea ka ntle e fana ka tšireletso e eketsehileng ea 'mele le ea tikoloho bakeng sa cable. Lijakete tsa thapo li entsoe ka thepa e kang PVC, HDPE le tšepe ea lihlomo. Lijakete tsa kantle li tlameha ho mamella mocheso o pharalletseng, ho pepeseha ha UV, le ho khojoa. 
• , Ooroor vs kantle - Ntle le lijakete le li-buffer tse fapaneng, likhoele tsa kahare le kantle tsa fiber optic li na le kaho e fapaneng. Lithapo tsa ka ntle li arola likhoele ka bonngoe hore e be tšupu e hlephileng kapa li-buffer tse thata ka har'a elemente e bohareng, e lumellang mongobo ho tsoa. Lithapo tsa ribone tsa ka tlung lia riboni le ho bokella likhoele bakeng sa ho teteana ho hoholo. Lithapo tsa kantle li hloka ho theoa ka nepo le lintlha tse kenyellelitsoeng tsa ts'ireletso bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea UV, phapang ea mocheso le ho kenya moea.

 

Ho khetha thapo ea fiber optic, nahana ka kopo, bandwidth e lakatsehang, le tikoloho ea ho kenya. Lithapo tsa mokhoa o le mong li molemo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa puisano ea sebaka se selelele, e phahameng ea marang-rang joaloka mokokotlo oa marang-rang. Lithapo tsa mefuta e mengata li sebetsa hantle bakeng sa libaka tse khutšoane le litlhoko tse tlase tsa bandwidth ka har'a meaho. Lithapo tsa ka hare ha li hloke li-jackets tse tsoetseng pele kapa ho thibela metsi, ha lithapo tsa ka ntle li sebelisa thepa e matla ho sireletsa boemo ba leholimo le tšenyo.  

 

Likhoele:

 

Type	faeba	Buffer	Jacket	Rating	kopo
Mode o le mong OS2	9/125μm	Tube e hlephileng	PVC	, 屋内	Sebaka sa mokokotlo
Multimode OM3/OM4	50/125μm	Buffer e tiileng	OSNR	Outdoor	Setsi sa data/campus
E na le libetsa	Mokhoa o le mong/mokhoa o mongata	Tube e hlephileng/e tiileng	terata ya PE/polyurethane/tshepe	Ho patoa ka ntle/ho toba	Tikoloho e thata
ADSS	Mokhoa o le mong feela	Ha ea tsuba	Boiketsi ba ho iphelisa	Aerial	FTTA/poles/utility
OPGW	Mokhoa o le mong feela	Tube e hlephileng	Dikgole tsa ho itshetleha/tshepe	Aerial static	Lithapo tsa motlakase tse holimo
Lahla lithapo	Mokhoa o le mong/mokhoa o mongata	900μm / 3mm subunits	PVC / plenum	Ka hare / ka ntle	Khokahano ea ho qetela ea bareki

  

Ho buisana: 

 

Type	faeba	Ho kopana	Poland	Ho khaotsa	kopo
LC	Mokhoa o le mong/mokhoa o mongata	PC/APC	Khokahano ea 'mele (PC) kapa 8° angle (APC)	Fiber e le 'ngoe kapa duplex	Sehokelo sa faeba se le seng / habeli se tloaelehileng, lits'ebetso tse phahameng haholo
MPO / MTP	Multi-mode (12/24 fiber)	PC/APC	Khokahano ea 'mele (PC) kapa 8° angle (APC)	Multi-fiber array	Khokahano ea 40/100G, trunking, litsi tsa data
SC	Mokhoa o le mong/mokhoa o mongata	PC/APC	Khokahano ea 'mele (PC) kapa 8° angle (APC)	Simplex kapa duplex	Lisebelisoa tsa lefa, marang-rang a mang a li-carrier
ST	Mokhoa o le mong/mokhoa o mongata	PC/APC	Khokahano ea 'mele (PC) kapa 8° angle (APC)	Simplex kapa duplex	Lisebelisoa tsa lefa, marang-rang a mang a li-carrier
MU	Mokhoa o le mong feela	PC/APC	Khokahano ea 'mele (PC) kapa 8° angle (APC)	Simplex	Tikoloho e thata, fiber ho antenna
li-splice enclosures/trays	N / A	NA	NA	Fusion kapa mochine	Phetoho, tsosoloso kapa phihlello ea mahareng a nako

 

Ka kopo sheba tataiso ena ha u khetha lihlahisoa tsa fiber optic ho fumana mofuta o nepahetseng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa hau le tikoloho ea marang-rang. Bakeng sa lintlha tse ling mabapi le sehlahisoa sefe kapa sefe, ka kopo ikopanye le bahlahisi ka kotloloho kapa u ntsebise hore na nka fana ka likhothaletso tse ling kapa thuso ea khetho.

  

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka thepa e leka-lekaneng ho lumellana le litlhoko tsa marang-rang tikolohong efe kapa efe ha ho khethoa mofuta o nepahetseng ho latela lintlha tsa bohlokoa mabapi le ts'ebeliso, boholo ba mantlha, tekanyo ea baki le sebaka sa ho kenya. Ho ela hloko litšobotsi tsena ho thusa ho netefatsa katleho e kholo, tšireletso le boleng.

Maemo a Indasteri a Fiber Optic Cable

Indasteri ea likhoele tsa fiber optic e khomarela litekanyetso tse fapaneng ho netefatsa tšebelisano, ts'epahalo le tšebelisano lipakeng tsa likarolo le litsamaiso tse fapaneng. Karolo ena e hlahloba tse ling tsa litekanyetso tsa bohlokoa tsa indasteri tse laolang thapo ea fiber optic le bohlokoa ba tsona ho netefatsa marang-rang a khokahanyo a se nang moeli.

 

• TIA/EIA-568: Tekanyetso ea TIA/EIA-568, e ntlafalitsoeng ke Mokhatlo oa Indasteri ea Mehala (TIA) le Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA), e fana ka litataiso bakeng sa moralo le ho kenya litsamaiso tse hlophisitsoeng tsa cabling, ho kenyeletsoa likhoele tsa fiber optic. E akaretsa likarolo tse fapaneng, joalo ka mefuta ea li-cable, likhokahano, ts'ebetso ea phetisetso le litlhoko tsa tlhahlobo. Ho lumellana le maemo ana ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le e ts'epahalang ho pholletsa le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa marang-rang.
• ISO/IEC 11801: Tekanyetso ea ISO/IEC 11801 e beha litlhoko tsa lits'ebetso tsa generic cabling, ho kenyeletsoa likhoele tsa fiber optic, libakeng tsa khoebo. E akaretsa likarolo tse kang ts'ebetso ea phetisetso, mekhahlelo ea li-cable, lihokelo le mekhoa ea ho kenya. Ho lumellana le maemo ana ho netefatsa tšebelisano 'moho le botsitso ba ts'ebetso ho pholletsa le litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa cabling.
• ANSI/TIA-598: Tekanyetso ea ANSI/TIA-598 e fana ka litataiso bakeng sa likhoutu tsa mebala ea likhoele tsa fiber optic, e totobatsang meralo ea mebala bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea likhoele, lijalo tsa buffer le mebala ea sehokelo. Tekanyetso ena e netefatsa ho ts'oana 'me e thusa ho tsebahatsa habonolo le ho tsamaisana ha likhoele tsa fiber optic nakong ea ho kenya, ho lokisoa le ho rarolla mathata.
• ITU-T G.651: Tekanyetso ea ITU-T G.651 e hlalosa litšobotsi le mekhoa ea phetisetso bakeng sa li-multimode optical fibers. E akaretsa lintlha tse kang boholo ba mantlha, profil ea index ea refractive, le modal bandwidth. Ho lumellana le maemo ana ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le ho lumellana ha likhoele tsa multimode fiber optic ho pholletsa le litsamaiso le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng.
• ITU-T G.652: Tekanyetso ea ITU-T G.652 e hlalosa litšoaneleho le mekhoa ea phetisetso bakeng sa li-fiber tsa optical tsa mofuta o le mong. E akaretsa lintlha tse kang attenuation, dispersion, le cutoff wavelength. Ho lumellana le maemo ana ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le e ts'epahalang ea lithapo tsa fiber optic tsa mofuta o le mong bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa puisano tse hole.

 

Ho latela litekanyetso tsena tsa indasteri ho bohlokoa ho boloka tšebelisano, ts'epahalo, le ts'ebetso ea ho kenya likhoele tsa fiber optic. Ho lumellana ho etsa bonnete ba hore lithapo, lihokelo le likarolo tsa marang-rang tse tsoang ho bahlahisi ba fapaneng li ka sebetsa 'moho ka mokhoa o se nang moeli, ho nolofatsa moralo oa marang-rang, ho kenya le ho lokisa lits'ebetso. E boetse e thusa ho sebelisana 'me e fana ka puo e tšoanang bakeng sa puisano har'a litsebi tsa indasteri.

 

Le hoja tsena e le tse seng kae feela tsa litekanyetso tsa indasteri bakeng sa lithapo tsa fiber optic, bohlokoa ba tsona bo ke ke ba feteletsoa. Ka ho latela litekanyetso tsena, baqapi ba marang-rang, li-installers, le li-operators ba ka netefatsa botšepehi le boleng ba lisebelisoa tsa fiber optic, ho khothalletsa marang-rang a nepahetseng le a tšepahalang a puisano.

 

Bala hape: Ho Demystifying Fiber Optic Cable Standards: Tataiso e Feletseng

Kaho ea Cable ea Fiber Optic le Phetiso ea Leseli

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li entsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'meli ea silika e kopantsoeng, khalase e hloekileng haholo e nang le pepenene e phahameng. Karolo e ka hare e na le index e phahameng ea refractive ho feta ea ka ntle, e lumellang leseli ho tataisoa ke fiber ka ho bonahatsa ka hare ho kakaretso.  

 

Kopano ea fiber optic cable e na le likarolo tse latelang:

 

Likarolo le moralo oa thapo ea fiber optic li etsa qeto ea ho tšoaneleha ha eona bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng le maemo a ho kenya. Lintlha tse ka sehloohong tsa kaho ea cable li kenyelletsa:

 

• Boholo ba boholo - Khoele e ka hare ea khalase e nang le matšoao a optical. Mefuta e tloaelehileng ke 9/125μm, 50/125μm, le 62.5/125μm. 9/125μm fiber ea mofuta o le mong e na le motheo o moqotetsane bakeng sa sebaka se selelele, lebelo le phahameng la bandwidth. 50/125μm le 62.5/125μm fiber ea mefuta e mengata e na le li-cores tse pharaletseng bakeng sa lihokelo tse khuts'oane ha bandwidth e phahameng e sa hlokehe. 
• Li-tubes tsa buffer - Liaparo tsa polasetiki tse pota-potileng likhoele tsa fiber bakeng sa tšireletso. Lithapo li ka hlophisoa ka li-tubes tse arohaneng tsa buffer bakeng sa tlhophiso le ho itšehla thajana. Li-buffer tubes li boetse li boloka mongobo hole le likhoele. Ho sebelisoa li-tube tse hlephileng le meralo e thata ea buffer. 
• Litho tsa matla - Likhoele tsa Aramid, lithupa tsa fiberglass kapa lithapo tsa tšepe tse kenyellelitsoeng mokokotlong oa cable ho fana ka matla a tsitsitseng le ho thibela khatello ea maikutlo nakong ea ho kenya kapa ho fetoha ha tikoloho. Litho tsa matla li fokotsa bolelele le ho lumella tsitsipano e phahameng ea ho hula ha u kenya cable.
• Litlatse - Padding e eketsehileng kapa lintho tse kenngoeng, hangata li entsoe ka fiberglass, li eketsoa mokokotlong oa cable ho fana ka cushioning le ho etsa hore thapo e pota-potile. Li-filler li nka sebaka feela 'me ha li kenye matla kapa tšireletso. E kenyellelitsoe feela ha ho hlokahala ho fihlela bophara bo nepahetseng ba cable. 
• Baki ea ka ntle - Lera la polasetiki le koalang mokokotlo oa cable, li-filler le litho tsa matla. Baki e sireletsa khahlanong le mongobo, abrasion, lik'hemik'hale le tšenyo e 'ngoe ea tikoloho. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa baki ke HDPE, MDPE, PVC, le LSZH. Cable e lekantsoeng ka ntle e sebelisa lijaki tse teteaneng, tse sa bolaeng UV joalo ka polyethylene kapa polyurethane. 
• lihlomo - Sekoaelo se eketsehileng sa tšepe, hangata tšepe kapa aluminium, se eketsoa holim'a baki ea cable bakeng sa ts'ireletso e phahameng ea mochini le litoeba. Cable ea Armored fiber optic e sebelisoa ha e kentsoe maemong a mabe ho latela ts'enyo e ka bang teng. Lihlomo li eketsa boima ba 'mele' me li fokotsa ho fetoha ha maemo ho khothalletsoa feela ha ho hlokahala. 
• Ripcord - Thapo ea nylon ka tlas'a baki ea ka ntle e lumellang ho tlosoa ha baki habonolo nakong ea ho felisoa le ho hokahanya. Ho hula feela ripcord ho arola baki ntle le likhoele tse senyang ka tlase. Ripcord ha e kenyelelitsoe mefuteng eohle ea likhoele tsa fiber optic. 

 

Motsoako o ikhethileng oa likarolo tsena tsa kaho o hlahisa thapo ea fiber optic e ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa tikoloho ea eona ea ts'ebetso le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso. Bahokahanyi ba ka khetha ho tsoa mefuteng e mengata ea lithapo bakeng sa marang-rang afe kapa afe a fiber optic. 

 

Ithute haholoanyane: Likarolo tsa Cable ea Fiber Optic: Lethathamo le Felletseng & Hlalosa

 

Ha leseli le fetisetsoa ka har'a fiber optic core, le bonahatsa sebopeho sa cladding ka li-angles tse kholo ho feta angle ea bohlokoa, e ntse e tsamaea ka har'a fiber. Ponahatso ena e ka hare ho bolelele ba fiber e lumella tahlehelo ea khanya e sa tsotelleng maetong a malelele.

 

Phapang ea index ea refractive lipakeng tsa mantlha le cladding, e lekantsoeng ka lesoba la linomoro (NA), e etsa qeto ea hore na leseli le ka kena fiber e kae le hore na li-angles tse kae li tla bonts'a kahare. NA e phahameng e lumella kamohelo e phahameng ea leseli le li-angles tse bonahatsang, tse ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa libaka tse khutšoanyane, ha NA e tlaase e na le kamohelo e tlaase ea leseli empa e ka fetisa ka ho fokotseha ho fokolang libakeng tse telele.

 

Thepa ea kaho le phetisetso ea likhoele tsa fiber optic e lumella lebelo le sa tsitsang, bandwidth, le phihlello ea marang-rang a fiber optic. Ka ho se na lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, fiber optics e fana ka sethala se bulehileng sa phihlello ea puisano ea dijithale le theknoloji e nolofalletsang bokamoso. Ho utloisisa hore na leseli le ka ntlafatsoa joang bakeng sa ho tsamaea lik'hilomithara tse ka hare ho fiber ea khalase e le tšesaane joaloka moriri oa motho ke senotlolo sa ho notlolla bokhoni ba lisebelisoa tsa fiber optic.

Nalane ea Lithapo tsa Fiber Optic

Nts'etsopele ea likhoele tsa fiber optic e qalile lilemong tsa bo-1960 ka ho qaptjoa ha laser. Bo-rasaense ba ile ba hlokomela hore lebone la laser le ka fetisoa libakeng tse telele ka likhoele tse tšesaane tsa khalase. Ka 1966, Charles Kao le George Hockham ba ile ba fana ka maikutlo a hore likhoele tsa khalase li ka sebelisoa ho fetisa leseli libakeng tse telele le tahlehelo e tlase. Mosebetsi oa bona o ile oa rala motheo oa theknoloji ea sejoale-joale ea fiber optic.

 

Ka 1970, bafuputsi ba Corning Glass Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, le Peter Schultz ba ile ba qapa fiber ea pele ea optical e nang le tahlehelo e tlaase e lekaneng bakeng sa mekhoa ea puisano. Ho thehoa ha fiber ena ho nolofalelitse lipatlisiso tsa ho sebelisa fiber optics bakeng sa puisano. Lilemong tse leshome tse latelang, lik'hamphani li ile tsa qala ho theha lisebelisoa tsa khoebo tsa fiber optic telecommunication. 

 

Ka 1977, General Telephone le Electronics li ile tsa romela sephethephethe sa pele sa mohala ka likhoele tsa fiber optic Long Beach, California. Teko ena e bonts'itse ts'ebetso ea likhokahano tsa mehala ea fiber optic. Ho theosa le lilemo tsa bo-1980, lik'hamphani tse sebetsang ho tsamaisa marang-rang a marang-rang a marang-rang a marang-rang a hole a hokahane le litoropo tse kholo tsa US le Europe. Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1980 le mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1990, lik'hamphani tsa mehala ea sechaba li ile tsa qala ho nkela mehala ea khale ea koporo sebaka ka likhoele tsa fiber optic.

 

Baqapi ba bohlokoa le bo-pula-maliboho ba theknoloji ea fiber optic ba kenyelletsa Narinder Singh Kapany, Jun-ichi Nishizawa, le Robert Maurer. Kapany o tsejoa e le "Ntate oa Fiber Optics" bakeng sa mosebetsi oa hae lilemong tsa bo-1950 le bo-1960 ho hlahisa le ho kenya ts'ebetsong theknoloji ea fiber optic. Nishizawa o ile a qapa mokhoa oa pele oa puisano oa optical ka 1953. Maurer o ile a etella pele sehlopha sa Corning Glass se ileng sa qapa fiber ea pele ea tahlehelo e tlaase e nolofalletsang likhokahano tsa morao-rao tsa fiber optic.  

 

Nts'etsopele ea likhoele tsa fiber optic e fetotse lipuisano tsa lefats'e mme e nolofalitse marang-rang a lebelo le holimo le marang-rang a tlhahisoleseling a lefats'e ao re nang le ona kajeno. Theknoloji ea Fiber optic e hokahane le lefatše ka ho lumella lintlha tse ngata ho fetisoa ho pota lefatše ka metsotsoana.

 

Qetellong, ka lilemo tsa mosebetsi oa bo-ramahlale le bafuputsi, ho ile ha etsoa likhoele tsa fiber optic le ho ntlafatsoa hore li fetisoe mats'oao a leseli libakeng tse telele. Ho qaptjoa ha bona le khoebo ho fetotse lefatše ka ho nolofalletsa mekhoa e mecha ea puisano ea lefats'e le ho fumana boitsebiso.

Mehaho ea Mehaho ea Khokahano ea Fiber  

Motheong oa eona, marang-rang a fiber optic a entsoe ka likarolo tse 'maloa tsa mantlha tse hokahantsoeng ho theha lisebelisoa tsa ho fetisa le ho amohela data ka mats'oao a bobebe. Likarolo tsa motheo li kenyelletsa:   

 

• Lithapo tsa fiber optic tse kang Unitube Light-armored Cable (GYXS/GYXTW) kapa Unitube Non-metallic Micro Cable (JET) li na le likhoele tse tšesaane tsa khalase kapa lisebelisoa tsa polasetiki 'me li fana ka tsela eo matšoao a tsamaeang ka eona. Mefuta ea li-cable e kenyelletsa singlemode, multimode, hybrid fiber optic cable le likhoele tsa kabo. Lintlha tsa khetho ke mokhoa oa fiber / palo, kaho, mokhoa oa ho kenya, le marang-rang a marang-rang. Li-optical fibers ke likhoele tse tšesaane, tse tenyetsehang tsa khalase kapa tsa polasetiki tse sebetsang e le mokhoa oa ho fetisa leseli libakeng tse telele. Li etselitsoe ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea matšoao le ho boloka botšepehi ba data e fetisitsoeng.
• Mohloli oa leseli: Mohloli oa leseli, hangata laser kapa LED (Light Emitting Diode), e sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa mats'oao a leseli a fetisoang ka likhoele tsa optical. Mohloli oa leseli o hloka ho khona ho hlahisa leseli le tsitsitseng le le tsitsitseng ho netefatsa hore phetiso ea data e ka tšeptjoa.
• Likarolo tsa khokahano: likarolo tsena li hokahanya likhoele ho lisebelisoa, li lumella ho patch. Lihokelo tse kang LC, SC le MPO likhoele tsa faeba tse peli ho likoung tsa lisebelisoa le likhoele. Li-adapter tse joalo ka adaptara ea Fiber optic / coupler flange / sehokelo sa optic se potlakileng li kopanya lihokelo ka liphanele tsa patch. Lithapo tsa patch tse felisitsoeng esale pele ka likhokahanyo li theha likhokahano tsa nakoana. Khokahano e fetisetsa mats'oao a leseli lipakeng tsa likhoele tsa thapo, lisebelisoa le lithapo tsa patch haufi le sehokelo. Bapisa mefuta ea likhokahanyo le litlhoko tsa ho kenya le likou tsa lisebelisoa.  
• Lihokelo: Lihokelo li sebelisoa ho kopanya likhoele tsa optical ka bonngoe kapa ho hokahanya likhoele le likarolo tse ling tsa marang-rang, joalo ka li-switches kapa lirutha. Lihokelo tsena li netefatsa khokahano e sireletsehileng le e nepahetseng ho boloka bots'epehi ba data e fetisitsoeng.
• Lisebelisoa tsa khokahanyo: Sena se kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse kang li-patch panels, li-splice tse koetsoeng, le mabokose a ho emisa. Likarolo tsena tsa Hardware li fana ka mokhoa o bonolo le o hlophisitsoeng oa ho laola le ho sireletsa likhoele tsa optical le likhokahano tsa tsona. Ba boetse ba thusa ho rarolla mathata le ho hlokomela marang-rang.
• Libaka tse kang likhabinete tsa faeba tse emeng li le mong, likhoele tsa likhoele tsa rack kapa likhoele tsa marako li fana ka tšireletso bakeng sa likhokahano tsa likhoele le likhoele tse thellang / tse looping tse nang le likhetho bakeng sa sesupo se phahameng. Literei tse thellang le litataiso tsa likhoele li boloka bolelele bo feteletseng ba lithapo. Libaka tse koaletsoeng li sireletsa likotsing tsa tikoloho 'me li hlophisa molumo o phahameng oa fiber. 
• Li-transceivers : Li-transceivers, tse tsejoang hape e le li-optical modules, li sebetsa e le sehokelo pakeng tsa marang-rang a fiber optic le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa marang-rang, tse kang lik'homphieutha, li-switches kapa li-routers. Ba fetola matshwao a motlakase hore e be matshwao a optical bakeng sa phetiso le ka tsela e fapaneng, e leng se dumellang ho kopanngwa ho se nang moeli pakeng tsa marangrang a fiber optic le marang-rang a tloaelehileng a koporo.
• Li-Repeaters / Amplifiers: Lipontšo tsa fiber optic li ka senyeha ho feta libaka tse telele ka lebaka la ho fokotseha (tahlehelo ea matla a pontšo). Li-repeaters kapa li-amplifiers li sebelisetsoa ho tsosolosa le ho matlafatsa matšoao a optical ka linako tse ling ho netefatsa boleng ba tsona le ho tšepahala.
• Li-switches le li-routers: Lisebelisoa tsena tsa marang-rang li na le boikarabelo ba ho tsamaisa phallo ea data ka har'a marang-rang a fiber optic. Li-switches li nolofalletsa puisano ka har'a marang-rang a lehae, ha li-routers li nolofalletsa phapanyetsano ea data lipakeng tsa marang-rang a fapaneng. Ba thusa ho laola sephethephethe le ho netefatsa phetiso e nepahetseng ea data.
• Mekhoa ea ts'ireletso: Marang-rang a Fiber optic a ka kenyelletsa mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ireletso joalo ka litsela tse sa sebetseng, phepelo ea motlakase ea bekapo, le polokelo ea data ea bekapo ho netefatsa boteng bo phahameng le ts'epahalo ea data. Mekhoa ena e thusa ho fokotsa nako ea ho theoha ha marang-rang le ho sireletsa khahlanong le tahlehelo ea data haeba ho ka ba le ho hlōleha kapa ho sitisoa.
• Lisebelisoa tsa liteko tse kang OTDR le optical power metre li lekanya ts'ebetso ho netefatsa phetiso e nepahetseng ea matšoao. Li-OTDR li netefatsa ho kenngoa ha cable le ho fumana litaba. Limithara tsa motlakase li lekola tahlehelo ea likhokahano. Lihlahisoa tsa tsamaiso ea lisebelisoa li thusa ho ngola litokomane, ho ngola, ho rera le ho rarolla mathata.   

 

Likarolo tsena li sebetsa 'moho ho theha marang-rang a marang-rang a matla le a lebelo le phahameng, a nolofalletsang phetiso ea data e potlakileng le e tšepahalang libakeng tse telele.

 

Ho kopanya likarolo hammoho le mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho kenya, ho emisa, ho kopanya le ho kopanya ho thusa ho fetisa matšoao a optical bakeng sa data, lentsoe le video ho pholletsa le likhamphani, mehaho le lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang. Ho utloisisa litlhoko tsa litefiso tsa data, likhakanyo tsa tahlehelo, kholo, le tikoloho li etsa qeto ea motsoako o hlokahalang oa likhoele, khokahanyo, liteko le lits'oants'o bakeng sa ts'ebeliso efe kapa efe ea marang-rang. 

Likhetho tsa Cable ea Fiber Optic  

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka mokhoa oa phetisetso oa 'mele bakeng sa ho tsamaisa matšoao libakeng tse khutšoane ho isa ho tse telele. Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa e fumanehang bakeng sa ho hokahanya lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang, lisebelisoa tsa bareki, le lisebelisoa tsa mehala ea mehala. Lintlha tse kang tikoloho ea ho kenya, mokhoa oa faeba le palo, mefuta ea lihokelo, le litefiso tsa data li tla bontša hore na kaho ea fiber optic e nepahetse bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ka 'ngoe.  

 

Lithapo tsa Copper tse kang CAT5E Data Copper Cable kapa CAT6 Data Copper Cable li na le likhoele tsa faeba tse tlanngoeng ka lipara tsa koporo, tse thusang moo khokahanyo ea fiber le koporo e hlokahalang ka har'a thapo e le 'ngoe. Likhetho li kenyelletsa mohala oa simplex/zip, duplex, distribution and breakout cables.

 

Li-Armored Cables li kenyelelitse lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse matlafatsang bakeng sa ts'ireletso khahlanong le tšenyo kapa tikoloho e feteletseng. Mefuta e kenyelletsa thapo e sirelelitsoeng ea Stranded Loose Tube Non-metallic Strength Member (GYFTA53) kapa thapo ea Stranded Loose Tube Light-armored Cable (GYTS/GYTA) e nang le li-tubes tse tlatsitsoeng ka li-gel le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe bakeng sa tšebeliso ea khamphase. Lihlomo tse hokahaneng kapa theipi ea masenke e fana ka tšireletso e feteletseng ea litoeba / lehalima.  

 

Drop Cables li sebelisoa bakeng sa khokahanyo ea ho qetela ho tloha kabong ho ea libakeng. Likhetho tse kang thapo e theolelang ea mofuta oa Bow (GJYXFCH) kapa Cable ea ho theola seqha (GJXFH) u se ke ua hloka tšehetso ea strand. Mohala oa ho theola mofuta oa Strenath Bow (GJXFA) e matlafalitse litho. Cable ea mofuta oa seqha bakeng sa kotopo (GJYXFHS) bakeng sa ho kenya mochine. Likhetho tsa moeeng li kenyelletsa Setšoantšo sa 8 Cable (GYTC8A) kapa All Dielectric Self-supporting Aerial Cable (ADSS).

 

Likhetho tse ling bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea ka tlung li kenyelletsa Cable ea Unitube Light-armored (GYXS/GYXTW), Unitube Non-metallic Micro Cable (JETE) kapa thapo ea Stranded Loose Tube Non-metallic Strength Member Non-Armored (MOHLANKA). Lithapo tsa Hybrid fiber optic li na le fiber le koporo ka baking e le 'ngoe. 

 

Ho khetha thapo ea fiber optic joalo ka Self-supporting Bow-type drop cable (GJYXFCH) e qala ka ho khetha mokhoa oa ho kenya, tikoloho, mofuta oa faeba le palo e hlokahalang. Litlhaloso tsa kaho ea lithapo, tekanyo ea lelakabe / ho pshatleha, mofuta oa sehokelo, le tsitsipano ea ho hula li tlameha ho ts'oana le ts'ebeliso le tsela e reriloeng. 

 

Tšebeliso e nepahetseng, ho felisoa, ho kopanya, ho kenya le ho hlahloba likhoele tsa fiber optic ka litsebi tse tiisitsoeng li etsa hore ho be le phetiso e phahameng ea li-bandwidth holim'a marang-rang a FTTx, metro le nako e telele. Litlhahiso tse ncha li ntlafatsa khokahanyo ea faeba, ho eketsa sesupo sa fiber ka lithapo tse kopantsoeng tse nyane, tse sa tsitsang bakeng sa bokamoso.

  

Lithapo tsa Hybrid li na le lipara tse peli tsa koporo le likhoele tsa fiber ka baki e le 'ngoe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang lentsoe, data, le khokahanyo ea lebelo le holimo. Lipalo tsa koporo/fiber lia fapana ho latela litlhoko. E sebelisetsoa ho kenya li-MDU, lipetlele, likolong moo ho ka tsamaisoang thapo e le 'ngoe feela.

 

Likhetho tse ling joalo ka lipalo-8 le likhoele tsa moea tse chitja li na le dielectric kaofela kapa li na le litho tsa matla a fiberglass / polymer bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa moea tse sa hlokeng lisebelisoa tsa tšepe. Li-tube tse hlephileng, li-central core le li-ribbon fiber cable le tsona li ka sebelisoa.

 

Ho khetha thapo ea fiber optic ho qala ka ho khetholla tikoloho ea ho kenya le boemo ba tšireletso bo hlokahalang, ebe palo ea fiber le mofuta o hlokahalang ho tšehetsa litlhoko tsa morao-rao le tsa nakong e tlang. Mefuta ea likhokahanyo, kaho ea lithapo, boemo ba lelakabe, boemo ba ho pshatleha / tšusumetso, le lintlha tsa khatello ea maikutlo li tlameha ho tsamaisana le tsela e reriloeng le ts'ebeliso. Ho khetha moetsi oa li-cable ea nang le botumo bo botle, o lumellanang le litekanyetso le ho netefatsa litšoaneleho tsohle tsa ts'ebetso li lekantsoe ka nepo bakeng sa tikoloho ea ho kenya ho tla netefatsa hore ho na le lisebelisoa tsa boleng ba fiber tse nang le phetiso e nepahetseng ea matšoao. 

 

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li fana ka motheo oa ho aha marang-rang a lebelo le phahameng empa li hloka litsebi tse nang le boiphihlelo le tse netefalitsoeng bakeng sa ho felisoa ka nepo, ho kopanya, ho kenya le ho etsa liteko. Ha e sebelisoa ka likarolo tsa khokahanyo ea boleng mohahong o hlophisitsoeng hantle, lithapo tsa fiber optic li nolofalletsa phetisetso e phahameng ea li-bandwidth holim'a marang-rang a metro, a nako e telele le a FTTx a fetolang likhokahano bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa data, lentsoe le video lefatšeng ka bophara. Litlhahiso tse ncha tse mabapi le likhoele tse nyane, bongata bo phahameng ba fiber, meralo e kopaneng, le likhoele tse sa utloeng bohloko li tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa khokahanyo ea fiber nakong e tlang.

 

Hape U ka Khahleha:

 

• Ho Reka Lithapo tsa Fiber Optic ho tsoa Chaena: Malebela a ho Etsa & a Molemo ka ho Fetisisa
• Baetsi ba 4 ba Molemo ka ho Fetisisa ba Lithapo tsa Fiber Optic Turkey ho Latela
• Bafani ba 5 ba holimo ba Fiber Optic Cable In Philippines
• Baetsi ba 5 ba holimo ba Fiber Optic Cable naheng ea Malaysia

Khokahano ea Fiber Optic

Likarolo tsa khokahanyo li fana ka mokhoa oa ho hokahanya fiber optic cabling le lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang le ho theha likhokahano tsa marang-rang ka liphanele le lik'hasete. Likhetho bakeng sa lihokelo, li-adapter, lithapo tsa patch, li-bulkheads, le liphanele tsa patch li nolofalletsa likhokahano lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa le ho lumella ho hlophisoa bocha ho meaho ea fiber ha ho hlokahala. Ho khetha khokahanyo ho hloka mefuta ea likhokahanyo tse tsamaellanang le mefuta ea likhoele tsa likhoele le likoung tsa lisebelisoa, litlhaloso tsa tahlehelo le ho tšoarella ho latela litlhoko tsa marang-rang, le litlhoko tsa ho kenya.

 

Lihokelo: Lihokelo li emisa likhoele tsa faeba ho kopanya likhoele ho likoung tsa lisebelisoa kapa likhoele tse ling. Mefuta e tloaelehileng ke:

 

• LC (Sehokelo sa Lucent): 1.25mm zirconia ferrule. Bakeng sa liphanele tsa patch, li-converter tsa media, li-transceivers. Tahlehelo e tlase le ho nepahala ho phahameng. E kopantsoe le lihokelo tsa LC. 
• SC (Sehokelo sa Moreri): 2.5 limilimithara ferrule. E matla, bakeng sa lihokelo tse telele. E kopantsoe le lihokelo tsa SC. Bakeng sa marang-rang a campus, telco, indasteri.
• ST (Keletso e otlolohileng): 2.5 limilimithara ferrule. Lisebelisoa tsa Simplex kapa duplex lia fumaneha. Telco standard empa tahlehelo e itseng. E kopantsoe le lihokelo tsa ST. 
• MPO (Multi-Fiber Push On): Sehokelo sa monna oa ribone bakeng sa li-optics tse bapileng. 12-fiber kapa 24-fiber likhetho. Bakeng sa sekhahla se phahameng, litsi tsa data, 40G / 100G Ethernet. E kopane le likhokahano tsa basali tsa MPO. 
• M-TP - Phapang ea MPO ka US Conec. E lumellana le MPO.
• SMA (Monyane A): 2.5 limilimithara ferrule. Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo, lisebelisoa, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka. Ha e sebelisoe hangata bakeng sa marang-rang a data.

 

Bala hape: Tataiso e Pharalletseng ea Lihokelo tsa Fiber Optic

 

Li-Bulkheads li kenngoa ka har'a lisebelisoa, liphanele, le li-outlet tsa lebota ho hokahanya likhokahano tse sireletsehileng. Likhetho li kenyelletsa simplex, duplex, array kapa custom configurations le likou tsa sehokelo sa basali ho kopana le lithapo tsa patch kapa lithapo tsa jumper tsa mofuta o tšoanang oa sehokelo.

 

Li-adapter li kopanya lihokelo tse peli tsa mofuta o le mong. Litlhophiso ke simplex, duplex, MPO, le tloaelo bakeng sa sesupo se phahameng. Kenya liphanele tsa fiber patch, liforeimi tsa ho ajoa, kapa matlo a kantle a lebota ho thusa ho hokahanya le ho hlophisa bocha. 

 

Lithapo tsa Patch tse felisitsoeng esale pele ka lihokelo li theha likhokahano tsa nakoana lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa kapa ka har'a liphanele tsa patch. E fumaneha ka singlemode, multimode kapa likhoele tse kopaneng bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng. Bolelele bo tloaelehileng ho tloha ho 0.5 ho isa ho 5 metres le bolelele ba tloaelo ha bo kopa. Khetha mofuta oa fiber, mefuta ea kaho le sehokelo ho tsamaisana le litlhoko tsa ho kenya. 

 

Li-Patch Panels li fana ka khokahanyo bakeng sa likhoele tsa fiber sebakeng se bohareng, se nolofalletsang ho hokahanya le ho falla / ho eketsa / liphetoho. Likhetho li kenyelletsa:

 

• Liphanele tse tloaelehileng tsa patch: 1U ho 4U, tšoara likhoele tse 12 ho isa ho tse 96 kapa ho feta. LC, SC, MPO adapter dikgetho. Bakeng sa litsi tsa data, khokahano ea moaho. 
• Liphanele tsa li-angled patch: E ts'oana le maemo empa e le 45° angle bakeng sa ponahalo/ho fihlelleha. 
• Likhasete tsa MPO/MTP: Tsamaea ka har'a liphanele tsa 1U ho isa ho tse 4U. E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le likhokahano tsa MPO tse 12 hore li qhetsoe hore e be likhoele ka bomong tse nang le li-adapter tsa LC/SC kapa ho hokela lithapo tse ngata tsa MPO/MTP. Boima bo phahameng, bakeng sa 40G/100G Ethernet. 
• Li-racks le liforeimi tsa fiber: Sebaka se seholo sa maoto, palo e phahameng ea boema-kepe ho feta liphanele tsa patch. Bakeng sa likhokahano tsa mantlha, liofisi tse bohareng tsa telco/ISP.

 

Fiber e koalehile liphanele tsa patch ea ntlo, taolo e bobebe le literei tsa splice. Rackmount, wallmount le likhetho tse ikemetseng tse nang le lipalo tse fapaneng tsa boema-kepe / maoto. Liphetolelo tse laoloang ke tikoloho kapa tse sa laoleheng. Fana ka mokhatlo le tšireletso bakeng sa likhokahano tsa fiber. 

 

Li-harnesses tsa MTP/MPO (likutu) li kopanya lihokelo tsa MPO bakeng sa phetiso e tšoanang ho lihokelo tsa marang-rang tsa 40/100G. Likhetho tsa basali ho ea ho basali le basali ho ea ho banna ba nang le 12-fiber kapa 24-fiber kaho.

 

Ho tsamaisoa ka nepo ha likarolo tsa khokahano ea boleng ke litsebi tse nang le boiphihlelo ke senotlolo sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng le ho ts'epahala ho marang-rang a fiber. Ho khetha likarolo tse tsamaellanang le litlhoko tsa ho kenya le lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang ho tla etsa hore meaho e matla haholo e nang le tšehetso ea lefa le lits'ebetso tse hlahang. Litlhahiso tse ncha tse mabapi le lintlha tse nyane tsa liforomo, bongata bo phahameng ba fiber / sehokelo le marang-rang a potlakileng li eketsa litlhoko tsa khokahanyo ea fiber, tse hlokang tharollo e ka senyehang le meralo e feto-fetohang. 

 

Khokahano e emela moaho oa mantlha bakeng sa marang-rang a fiber optic, a lumellang likhokahano lipakeng tsa li-cable runs, cross-connects, le lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang. Litlhaloso tse mabapi le tahlehelo, nako e telele, boima ba 'mele, le litekanyetso tsa data li khetholla motsoako o nepahetseng oa lihokelo, li-adapter, lithapo tsa patch, liphanele le lithapo bakeng sa ho theha likhokahano tsa fiber tse tla eketseha ho fihlela litlhoko tsa bandwidth tsa nako e tlang.

Sistimi ea Phano ea Fiber Optic

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li hloka lintho tse koetsoeng, likhabinete le liforeimi ho hlophisa, ho sireletsa le ho fana ka phihlello ea likhoele tsa faeba. Likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa sistimi ea kabo ea fiber li kenyelletsa:

 

1. Likhoele tsa fiber - Mabokose a hanyetsanang le boemo ba leholimo a behiloe haufi le tsela ea cable ho ea ho li-splices tsa ntlo, polokelo ea lithapo tse thellang, le libaka tsa ho emisa kapa tsa phihlello. Libaka tse koaletsoeng li sireletsa likarolo ho tsoa tšenyong ea tikoloho ha li ntse li lumella ho kena ho sa khaotseng. Mehaho ea marako le marako a marako a tloaelehile. 
2. Likhabinete tsa kabo ea fiber - Likhabinete li na le liphanele tsa khokahanyo ea fiber optic, literei tsa splice, polokelo ea fiber e thellang, le likhoele tsa patch bakeng sa ntlha ea khokahanyo. Likhabinete li fumaneha e le li-unit tsa kahare kapa tsa kantle / tse thata. Likhabinete tsa ka ntle li fana ka tikoloho e tsitsitseng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse hlokolosi maemong a thata.
3. Liforeimi tsa kabo ea fiber - Likarolo tse kholo tsa kabo tse nang le liphanele tse ngata tsa fiber patch, taolo ea lithapo tse otlolohileng le tse tšekaletseng, likhabinete tsa splice, le cabling bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa khokahanyo e phahameng ea fiber. Liforeimi tsa kabo li tšehetsa mokokotlo le litsi tsa data.
4. Liphanele tsa fiber patch - Liphanele li na le li-adapter tsa fiber tse ngata bakeng sa ho emisa likhoele tsa likhoele tsa faeba le likhoele tse hokelang patch. Liphanele tse kentsoeng li thella ka har'a likhabinete tsa faeba le liforeimi bakeng sa khokahano le kabo ea fiber. Liphanele tsa li-adapter le liphanele tsa lik'hasete ke mefuta e 'meli e tloaelehileng.  
5. Li-trays tsa ho kopanya - Literei tsa modular tse hlophisang likhoele tsa fiber tse ikemetseng bakeng sa ts'ireletso le polokelo. Literei tse ngata li kentsoe ka har'a likhabinete tsa fiber le liforeimi. Li-trays tsa Splice li lumella fiber e feteletseng hore e lule ka mor'a ho qhekella bakeng sa ho sisinyeha / eketsa / fetola maemo ntle le ho fetola. 
6. Li-spools tse fokolang - Li-spools tse potolohang kapa li-reel tse kenngoeng ka har'a likarolo tsa kabo ea fiber ho boloka bolelele bo feteletseng kapa ho boloka lithapo tsa faeba. Li-slack spools li thibela fiber hore e se ke ea feta radius e kobehileng, le ha u ntse u tsamaea libakeng tse koetsoeng le likhabinete. 
7. Kopanya lithapo - Bolelele ba fiber cordage bo felisitsoe ka ho sa feleng lipheletsong ka bobeli ka likhokahanyo ho fana ka likhokahano tse tenyetsehang lipakeng tsa liphanele tsa patch, likou tsa lisebelisoa le libaka tse ling tsa ho emisa. Lithapo tsa patch li lumella liphetoho tse potlakileng ho likhokahano tsa fiber ha ho hlokahala. 

 

Likarolo tsa khokahanyo ea fiber optic hammoho le libaka tse sirelelitsoeng le likhabinete li theha sistimi e kopaneng ea ho aba fiber ho lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang, basebelisi le lisebelisoa. Ha ho etsoa marang-rang a fiber, bahokahanyi ba tlameha ho nahana ka litlhoko tse felletseng tsa meralo ho kenyelletsa thapo ea fiber optic ka boeona. Sistimi ea kabo e hlomelitsoeng hantle e ts'ehetsa ts'ebetso ea fiber, e fana ka phihlello le bonolo, 'me e lelefatsa nako e telele ea marang-rang a fiber. 

Lisebelisoa tsa Lithapo tsa Fiber Optic 

Marang-rang a Fiber optic a fetohile mokokotlo oa mekhoa ea sejoale-joale ea mehala ea puisano, e fanang ka phetiso ea data e potlakileng le khokahanyo mafapheng a mangata.

 

E 'ngoe ea ts'ebeliso ea bohlokoahali ea likhoele tsa fiber optic ke lits'ebetsong tsa mehala ea likhokahano. Marang-rang a Fiber optic a nolofalitse likhokahano tsa marang-rang tse lebelo tse phahameng bakeng sa marang-rang le litšebeletso tsa mehala lefatšeng ka bophara. Bophahamo bo phahameng ba likhoele tsa fiber optic bo lumella phetiso e potlakileng ea lentsoe, data le video. Likhamphani tse kholo tsa mehala ea mehala li tsetelletse chelete e ngata ho aheng likhokahano tsa lefatše tsa fiber optic.

 

Li-sensor tsa fiber optic li na le ts'ebeliso e ngata ho tsa bongaka le tsa bophelo bo botle. Li ka kopanngoa le lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa ho fana ka ho nepahala ho ntlafetseng, pono le taolo. Li-fiber optic sensors li boetse li sebelisoa ho beha leihlo matšoao a bohlokoa ho bakuli ba kulang haholo 'me li khona ho bona liphetoho tse ke keng tsa bonoa ke batho. Lingaka li ntse li etsa lipatlisiso ka ho sebelisa li-fiber optic sensors ho lemoha mafu a sa hlaseleng ka ho hlahloba litšobotsi tsa khanya e tsamaeang ka har'a lisele tsa bakuli.

 

Sesole se sebelisa likhoele tsa fiber optic bakeng sa likhokahano tse sireletsehileng le mahlale a ho utloa. Hangata lifofane le likoloi li sebelisa fiber optics ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele le tšitiso ea motlakase. Fiber optic gyroscopes e fana ka lintlha tse nepahetseng tsa ho tsamaea bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa tataiso. Sesole se boetse se sebelisa li-fiber optic sensing ho lekola libaka tse kholo tsa mobu kapa meaho bakeng sa litšitiso tse ka bonts'ang ts'ebetso ea sera kapa tšenyo ea sebopeho. Lifofane tse ling tsa ntoa le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa libetsa li itšetlehile ka fiber optics. 

 

Mabone a fiber optic a sebelisa likhoele tsa fiber optic ho fetisa leseli bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse khabisang joalo ka ho bonesa maikutlo ka tlung kapa mabone a limusiamo. Leseli le khanyang, le baballang matla le ka fetoloa ka mebala e fapaneng, libopeho le litlamorao tse ling ho sebelisoa lihloela le lilense. Mabone a fiber optic a boetse a hlahisa mocheso o fokolang haholo ha o bapisoa le mabone a tloaelehileng, a fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo, 'me a phela nako e telele haholo.    

 

Tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle e sebelisa li-fiber optic sensors ho bona liphetoho kapa tšenyo ea meaho, marokho, matamo, lithanele le lisebelisoa tse ling. Li-sensor li khona ho lekanya ho thothomela, melumo, ho fapana ha mocheso le metsamao ea metsotso e sa bonahaleng ho bahlahlobi ba batho ho tseba mathata a ka bang teng pele a hloleha ho hang. Tekodišo ye e ikemišeditše go kaonafatša polokego ya setšhaba ka go thibela go phuhlama mo go šoro ga meago. Li-sensor tsa fiber optic li loketse ts'ebeliso ena ka lebaka la ho nepahala ha tsona, khaello ea tšitiso, le ho hanana le maemo a tikoloho joalo ka kutu.     

Ntle le lits'ebetso tse boletsoeng ka holimo, ho na le maemo a mang a mangata a ts'ebeliso moo fiber optics e ipabolang liindastering le litlhophisong tse fapaneng, joalo ka:

 

• Marang-rang a baabi ba khamphase
• Marang-rang a setsi sa data
• Indasteri fiber network
• Fiber ho antenna (FTTA)
• marang-rang a FTTx
• 5G marang-rang a se nang mohala
• Marang-rang a likhokahano
• Marang-rang a Cable TV
• joalo-joalo

 

Haeba u thahasella ho feta, welcom ho etela sengoloa sena: Lisebelisoa tsa Cable ea Fiber Optic: Lethathamo le Feletseng & Hlalosa (2023)

Lithapo tsa Fiber Optic vs. Lithapo tsa Copper 

Lithapo tsa fiber optic lia fana melemo e mengata ho feta likhoele tsa khale tsa koporo bakeng sa ho fetisa litaba. Melemo e hlokomelehang haholo ke bandwidth e phahameng le lebelo le potlakileng. Lithapo tsa phetiso ea fiber optic li khona ho tsamaisa data e ngata ho feta likhoele tsa koporo tsa boholo bo lekanang. Mohala o le mong oa fiber optic o ka fetisa lintlha tse 'maloa tsa data ka motsotsoana, e leng bandwidth e lekaneng ho hasanya likete tsa lifilimi tsa tlhaloso e phahameng hang-hang. Bokhoni bona bo lumella fiber optics ho fihlela litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa likhokahano tsa data, lentsoe le video.

 

Lithapo tsa Fiber optic li boetse li nolofalletsa khokahanyo ea Marang-rang le lebelo la ho khoasolla malapeng le likhoebong. Le hoja lithapo tsa koporo li lekanyelitsoe ho lebelo le holimo la ho khoasolla la hoo e ka bang 100 Megabits ka motsotsoana, likhokahano tsa fiber optic li ka feta 2 Gigabits ka motsotsoana bakeng sa ts'ebeletso ea bolulo - makhetlo a 20 kapele. Fiber optics e entse hore phihlello ea marang-rang e potlakileng haholo e fumanehe libakeng tse ngata tsa lefats'e. 

 

Lithapo tsa fiber optic li bobebe, li kopane, li tšoarella nako e telele, 'me li mamella boemo ba leholimo ho feta likhoele tsa koporo. Ha li amehe ke ho kena-kenana le motlakase 'me ha li hloke hore ho be le pontšo e matlafalitsoeng bakeng sa phetisetso ea libaka tse telele. Marang-rang a Fiber optic le ona a na le bophelo ba bohlokoa ba lilemo tse fetang 25, nako e telele ho feta marang-rang a koporo a hlokang ho nkeloa sebaka kamora lilemo tse 10-15. Ka lebaka la tlhaho ea tsona e sa khoneng ho khanna le e sa cheng, likhoele tsa fiber optic li hlahisa likotsi tse fokolang tsa polokeho le mollo.

 

Le hoja likhoele tsa fiber optic li atisa ho ba le litšenyehelo tse holimo pele, hangata li fana ka chelete ka nako ea bophelo bohle ba marang-rang ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo le ts'ebetso hammoho le ho tšepahala ho hoholo. Litsenyehelo tsa likarolo tsa fiber optic le likhokahano le tsona li theohile haholo lilemong tse mashome a seng makae tse fetileng, e leng se etsang hore marang-rang a fiber optic e be khetho e ntle ea lichelete bakeng sa litlhoko tsa puisano tse kholo le tse nyane. 

 

Ka kakaretso, ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea koporo le mekhoa e meng ea phetisetso, likhoele tsa fiber optic li ithorisa ka melemo ea bohlokoa ea tekheniki bakeng sa phetisetso ea tlhahisoleseling e potlakileng, e telele le e phahameng hammoho le melemo ea moruo le e sebetsang bakeng sa marang-rang a puisano le lits'ebetso. Litšobotsi tsena tse phahameng li lebisitse ho pharalletseng ha meaho ea koporo ka li-fiber optics ho indasteri e mengata ea theknoloji.  

Ho kenngoa ha Lithapo tsa Fiber Optic

Ho kenya likhoele tsa fiber optic ho hloka ho ts'oaroa hantle, ho kopanya, ho hokahanya le ho etsa liteko ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea matšoao le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tšepahalang. Fiber optic splicing e kopanya likhoele tse peli hammoho ka ho li qhibilihisa le ho li kopanya li lumellane hantle ho tsoela pele ho fetisa leseli. Li-splices tsa mechine le li-fusion splices ke mekhoa e 'meli e tloaelehileng, ka likaroloana tsa fusion tse fanang ka tahlehelo e tlaase ea leseli. Li-amplifiers tsa fiber optic li boetse li sebelisoa libakeng tse telele ho matlafatsa lets'oao ntle le ho hloka ho khutlisetsa leseli ho lets'oao la motlakase.

 

Lihokelo tsa fiber optic li sebelisetsoa ho hokela le ho hakolla likhoele mathōkong le likhokahanong tsa lisebelisoa. Ho kenya li-connectors hantle ho bohlokoa ho fokotsa ho nahana ka morao le tahlehelo ea matla. Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea likhokahano tsa fiber optic e kenyelletsa lihokelo tsa ST, SC, LC, le MPO. Li-transmitters, li-receivers, li-switch, li-filters le li-splitter li kenyelelitsoe ho pholletsa le marang-rang a fiber optic ho tsamaisa le ho sebetsana le matšoao a optical.      

 

Tšireletseho ke taba ea bohlokoa ha u kenya likarolo tsa fiber optic. Leseli la laser le fetisoang ka likhoele tsa fiber optic le ka baka tšenyo e sa feleng ea mahlo. Tšireletso e nepahetseng ea mahlo le mekhoa ea ho tšoara ka hloko e tlameha ho lateloa. Lithapo li tlameha ho sireletsoa ka ho lekaneng le ho sireletsoa ho qoba ho ferekana, kinking, kapa ho robeha ho ka etsang hore mohala o se ke oa sebelisoa. Lithapo tsa ka ntle li na le mokelikeli o eketsehileng o hlolang boemo ba leholimo empa li ntse li hloka lintlha tse nepahetseng tsa ho kenya ho qoba tšenyo ea tikoloho.

 

Ho kenya fiber optic ho hloka ho hloekisoa, ho hlahlojoa le ho hlahloba likarolo tsohle pele e tsamaisoa. Esita le mefokolo e menyenyane kapa litšila holim'a li-connectors, li-splice points, kapa li-cable jackets li ka senya matšoao kapa tsa lumella ho kenella ha maemo a tikoloho. Teko ea tahlehelo ea mahlo le tlhahlobo ea mithara ea matla nakong eohle ea ts'ebetso ea ho kenya e netefatsa hore sistimi e tla sebetsa ka mats'oafo a lekaneng a matla bakeng sa bohole le sekhahla se hlokahalang.    

 

Ho kenya lisebelisoa tsa fiber optic ho hloka litsebo tsa tekheniki le boiphihlelo hore li phethe hantle ha ho ntse ho netefatsa ts'epo e phahameng le ho fokotsa litaba tse tlang. Likhamphani tse ngata tsa theknoloji le likonteraka tsa cabling li fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa ho kenya fiber optic ho sebetsana le litlhoko tsena tse thata le tsa tekheniki bakeng sa ho theha marang-rang a maholo le a manyane. Ka mekhoa le botsebi bo nepahetseng, likhoele tsa fiber optic li ka fana ka phetiso ea matšoao a hlakileng ka lilemo tse ngata ha e kentsoe ka nepo. 

Ho felisa likhoele tsa Fiber Optic

Ho emisa likhoele tsa fiber optic e kenyelletsa ho hokela likhokahano ho likhoele tsa cable ho nolofalletsa likhokahano lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang kapa ka har'a liphanele tsa patch. Mokhoa oa ho emisa o hloka mokhoa o nepahetseng le o nepahetseng oa ho fokotsa tahlehelo le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ka khokahanyo. Mehato e tloaelehileng ea ho emisa e kenyelletsa:

 

1. Tlosa jekete ea cable le matlafatso leha e le efe, ho pepesa likhoele tse se nang letho. Lekanya bolelele bo nepahetseng bo hlokehang 'me u koahele ka thata fiber efe kapa efe e sa sebelisoeng ho qoba ho pepeseha mongobo kapa litšila.  
2. Etsa qeto ea mofuta oa fiber (singlemode / multimode) le litlhaloso tsa boholo (SMF-28, OM1, joalo-joalo). Khetha lihokelo tse lumellanang tse kang LC, SC, ST kapa MPO tse etselitsoeng singlemode kapa multimode. Bapisa boholo ba sehokelo sa ferrule le bophara ba fiber. 
3. Hloekisa 'me u hlobole fiber ho isa bolelele bo nepahetseng bo hlokahalang bakeng sa mofuta oa sehokelo. Etsa maqeba ka hloko ho qoba tšenyo ea fiber. Hloekisa sebaka sa fiber hape ho tlosa litšila leha e le life. 
4. Kenya motsoako oa epoxy kapa oa polishable fiber (bakeng sa MPO ea likhoele tse ngata) sefahlehong sa sehokelo sa ferrule. Li-bubble tsa moea ha lia lokela ho bonoa. Bakeng sa likhokahano tse hloekisitsoeng pele, hloekisa feela 'me u hlahlobe sefahleho sa ferule.
5. Ka hloko kenya fiber ka har'a sehokelo sa ferrule tlas'a kholo e nepahetseng. Ferrule e tlameha ho tšehetsa ntlha ea fiber qetellong ea sefahleho sa eona. Fiber ha ea lokela ho hlahella sefahlehong sa ho qetela.  
6. Phekola motsoako oa epoxy kapa polishing joalo ka ha o laetsoe. Bakeng sa epoxy, ba bangata ba nka metsotso e 10-15. Pheko ea mocheso kapa kalafi ea UV e kanna ea hlokoa ho ipapisitsoe le lintlha tsa sehlahisoa. 
7. Lekola sefahleho sa pheletso tlas'a ho holisoa ho hoholo ho netefatsa hore faeba e bohareng le ho hlaha hanyane ho tloha pheletsong ea ferrule. Bakeng sa likhokahano tse bentšitsoeng, hlahloba feela sefahleho sa ho qetela ho bona hore na ho na le litšila kapa tšenyo efe pele u kena lenyalong. 
8. Lekola pheliso e phethiloeng ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng pele o ka romelloa. Sebedisa sehlahlobi sa tswelopele ya faeba bonyane ho netefatsa phetiso ya matshwao ka kgokelo e ntjha. OTDR e ka boela ea sebelisoa ho lekanya tahlehelo le ho fumana mathata afe kapa afe. 
9. Boloka mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho hloekisa le ho hlahloba lifahleho tsa sehokelo ka mor'a ho nyalana ho qoba tahlehelo ea mats'oao kapa tšenyo ea lisebelisoa ho tsoa ho litšila. Li-caps li lokela ho sireletsa lihokelo tse sa amaneng. 

 

Ka ho itloaetsa le lisebelisoa / lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng, ho finyella ho felisoa ha tahlehelo e tlaase ho ba kapele le ho tsitsa. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho nahanoa ka nepo e hlokahalang, ho khothaletsoa hore litsebi tsa fiber tse netefalitsoeng li qetelle ho emisa lihokelo tsa marang-rang tse phahameng tsa bandwidth neng kapa neng ha ho khonahala ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e phahameng le nako ea sistimi. Tsebo le boiphihlelo li bohlokoa bakeng sa khokahanyo ea fiber. 

Ho kopanya likhoele tsa Fiber Optic

Ho marang-rang a fiber optic, splicing e bolela mokhoa oa ho kopanya likhoele tse peli kapa ho feta tsa fiber optic hammoho. Mokhoa ona o nolofalletsa ho phetiso e se nang moeli ea mats'oao a mahlo lipakeng tsa likhoele, tse lumellang ho atolosoa kapa ho lokisoa ha marang-rang a fiber optic. Fiber optic splicing e atisa ho etsoa ha ho hokeloa likhoele tse sa tsoa kenngoa, ho atolosa marang-rang a teng, kapa ho lokisa likarolo tse senyehileng. E na le karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa phetiso ea data e tšepahalang le e sebetsang hantle.

 

Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea mantlha ea ho kopanya likhoele tsa fiber optic:

1. Fusion Splicing:

Fusion splicing e kenyelletsa ho kopanngoa ho sa feleng ha likhoele tse peli tsa fiber optic ka ho qhibiliha le ho kopanya lifahleho tsa tsona. Mokhoa ona o hloka tšebeliso ea fusion splicer, mochine o khethehileng o tsamaisanang hantle le ho qhibilihisa likhoele. Hang ha e qhibilihisitsoe, likhoele li kopanngoa, li etsa hore ho be le khokahanyo e tsoelang pele. Fusion splicing e fana ka tahlehelo e tlase ea ho kenya le botsitso bo botle ba nako e telele, e etsa hore e be mokhoa o ratoang oa likhokahano tse sebetsang hantle.

 

Ts'ebetso ea fusion splicing hangata e kenyelletsa mehato e latelang:

 

• Tokiso ea Fiber: Liaparo tse sireletsang tsa likhoele lia tlosoa, 'me likhoele tse se nang letho lia hloekisoa ho netefatsa maemo a nepahetseng a ho kopanya.
• Khokahano ea Fiber: The fusion splicer e hokahanya likhoele ka ho ts'oara hantle li-cores tsa tsona, likoahelo le liphahlo.
• Fiber Fusion: The splicer e hlahisa arc ea motlakase kapa laser beam ho qhibiliha le ho kopanya likhoele hammoho.
• Tšireletso ea Lihlopha: Sleeve e sireletsang kapa e koaletsoeng e sebelisoa sebakeng sa spliced ​​ho fana ka matla a mochine le ho sireletsa splice ho tloha linthong tsa tikoloho.

2. Mechanical Splicing:

Mechanical splicing e kenyelletsa ho kopanya likhoele tsa fiber optic ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse tsamaisanang le mochini kapa likhokahanyo. Ho fapana le fusion splicing, mechanical splicing ha e qhibilihe le ho kopanya likhoele hammoho. Sebakeng seo, e its'etleha ka tatellano e nepahetseng le likhokahano tsa 'mele ho theha tsoelopele ea optical. Li-splices tsa mechini hangata li loketse tokiso ea nakoana kapa ea kapele, kaha li fana ka tahlehelo e nyane ea ho kenya 'me e kanna ea ba matla ho feta fusion splices.

 

Ts'ebetso ea splicing ea mechini ka kakaretso e kenyelletsa mehato e latelang:

 

• Tokiso ea Fiber: Likhoele li lokisoa ka ho hlobolisa liphahlo tse sireletsang le ho li qhetsola ho fumana lifahleho tse bataletseng, tsa perpendicular.
• Khokahano ea Fiber: Likhoele li hokahantsoe hantle 'me li ts'oaroa hammoho ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa ho tsamaisana, matsoho a splice kapa likhokahano.
• Tšireletso ea Lihlopha: Ho ts'oana le fusion splicing, sleeve e sireletsang kapa e kentsoeng e sebelisetsoa ho sireletsa sebaka se kopantsoeng ho tloha linthong tse ka ntle.

 

Ka bobeli fusion splicing le mechanical splicing li na le melemo le ts'ebetso ea tsona ho latela litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa marang-rang a fiber optic. Fusion splicing e fana ka khokahanyo e sa feleng le e ka tšeptjoang le tahlehelo e tlase ea ho kenya, e etsang hore e be e loketseng bakeng sa ho kenya nako e telele le puisano e potlakileng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho arohana ha mechine ho fana ka tharollo e potlakileng le e bonolo haholoanyane bakeng sa likhokahano tsa nakoana kapa maemo ao hangata ho lebeletsoeng liphetoho kapa ntlafatso.

 

Ka kakaretso, ho kopanya likhoele tsa fiber optic ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho holisa, ho lokisa, kapa ho hokela marang-rang a fiber optic. Ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho sebelisa fusion splicing bakeng sa likhokahano tsa ka ho sa feleng kapa ho kopanya mechine bakeng sa tokiso ea nakoana, mekhoa ena e netefatsa hore ho fetisoa ha matšoao a optical ka mokhoa o se nang moeli, ho lumella puisano e sebetsang le e tšepahalang ea data lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng. 

Indoor vs Outdoor Fiber Optic Cables

1. Lithapo tsa Indoor fiber optic ke eng le hore na li sebetsa joang

Lithapo tsa fiber optic tsa kahare li etselitsoe ho sebelisoa ka ho khetheha ka hara meaho kapa dibaka tse koalehileng. Lithapo tsena li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fana ka phetiso ea data ka lebelo le holimo le khokahanyo ka har'a meaho e joalo ka liofisi, litsi tsa data le meaho ea bolulo. Mona ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tseo u ka li nahanang ha u buisana ka likhoele tsa ka hare tsa fiber optic:

 

• Moralo le kaho: Lithapo tsa ka hare tsa fiber optic li etselitsoe ho ba bobebe, ho tenyetseha, le ho kenngoa habonolo libakeng tse ka hare. Hangata li na le konokono e bohareng, likobo le baki ea kantle e sireletsang. Mokotla, o entsoeng ka khalase kapa polasetiki, o lumella ho fetisoa ha mats'oao a leseli, athe cladding e thusa ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea matšoao ka ho khutlisetsa khanya bohareng. Seaparo sa ka ntle se fana ka tšireletso khahlanong le tšenyo ea 'mele le maemo a tikoloho.
• Mefuta ea likhoele tsa ka hare tsa fiber optic: Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea likhoele tsa ka hare tsa fiber optic tse fumanehang, ho kenyeletsoa likhoele tse koetsoeng ka thata, likhoele tse hlephileng le likhoele tsa ribone. Lithapo tse koetsoeng ka thata li na le moaparo o roaloang ka kotloloho holim'a likhoele tsa fiber, e leng se etsang hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa sebaka se khuts'oane le tse kentsoeng kahare. Lithapo tse hlephileng li na le li-tubes tse tlatsitsoeng ka li-gel tse koalang likhoele tsa fiber, tse fanang ka tšireletso e eketsehileng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa kantle le tsa kahare / kantle. Lithapo tsa ribone li na le likhoele tse ngata tse khobokelitsoeng hammoho ka sebopeho se sephara se kang lente, se nolofalletsang palo e phahameng ea faeba ka mokhoa o kopaneng.
• dikopo: Lithapo tsa fiber optic tsa kahare li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng ka har'a meaho. Hangata li sebelisoa bakeng sa marang-rang a sebaka sa lehae (LANs) ho hokahanya likhomphutha, li-server le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa marang-rang. Li nolofalletsa phetiso ea data e phahameng ea li-bandwidth, joalo ka ho phallela ha video, komporo ea leru, le phetiso e kholo ea lifaele, ka latency e nyane. Lithapo tsa ka hare tsa fiber optic li boetse li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse hlophisitsoeng tsa cabling ho ts'ehetsa likhokahano tsa mehala, khokahanyo ea inthanete le lits'ebeletso tsa lentsoe.
• le menyetla: Lithapo tsa ka hare tsa fiber optic li fana ka melemo e mengata ho feta lithapo tsa koporo tsa setso. Ba na le matla a holimo haholo a li-bandwidth, a lumellang hore ho be le lebelo le leholo la ho fetisetsa data le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea marang-rang. Ha ba khone ho kena-kenana le electromagnetic interference (EMI) le radio frequency interference (RFI) kaha ba fetisa mats'oao a leseli ho fapana le mats'oao a motlakase. Lithapo tsa fiber optic le tsona li bolokehile haholoanyane, kaha ho thata ho kena kapa ho li thiba ntle le ho baka tahlehelo e bonahalang.
• Lintlha tsa ho kenya: Mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho kenya e bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea likhoele tsa kahare tsa fiber optic. Ho bohlokoa ho tšoara lithapo ka hloko ho qoba ho kobeha kapa ho sotha ho feta radius ea bona e khothalelitsoeng. Libaka tse hloekileng le tse se nang lerōle li ratoa nakong ea ho kenya le ho lokisoa, kaha litšila li ka ama boleng ba matšoao. Ntle le moo, taolo e nepahetseng ea li-cable, ho kenyelletsa ho tsamaisa, ho ngola le ho boloka likhoele, ho netefatsa boiketlo ba tlhokomelo le scalability.

 

Ka kakaretso, likhoele tsa ka hare tsa fiber optic li fana ka mokhoa o tšepahalang le o sebetsang oa phetiso ea data ka har'a meaho, e ts'ehetsa tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea khokahanyo ea lebelo le holimo maemong a sejoale-joale.

2. Lithapo tsa Outdoor fiber optic ke eng le hore na li sebetsa joang

Lithapo tsa kantle tsa fiber optic li etselitsoe ho mamella maemo a thata a tikoloho le ho fana ka phetiso ea data e tšepahalang maetong a malelele. Lithapo tsena li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ho hokahanya meaho ea marang-rang lipakeng tsa meaho, likhampase, kapa libakeng tse kholo tsa tikoloho. Mona ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tseo u ka li nahanang ha u buisana ka likhoele tsa kantle tsa fiber optic:

 

• Kaho le tshireletso: Lithapo tsa kantle tsa fiber optic li entsoe ka lisebelisoa tse tšoarellang le likarolo tse sireletsang ho netefatsa hore li hanana le maemo a tikoloho. Hangata li na le li-core core, li-cladding, li-buffer tubes, litho tse matla le baki ea ka ntle. Konokono le likoahelo li entsoe ka khalase kapa polasetiki ho nolofalletsa phetiso ea mats'oao a leseli. Li-tubes tsa buffer li sireletsa likhoele tsa fiber ka bomong 'me li ka tlatsoa ka gel kapa lisebelisoa tse thibelang metsi ho thibela ho kenella ha metsi. Litho tsa matla, joalo ka likhoele tsa aramid kapa li-fiberglass rod, li fana ka ts'ehetso ea mochini, 'me baki ea kantle e sireletsa thapo mahlaseling a UV, mongobo, ho fetoha ha mocheso le tšenyo ea 'mele.
• Mefuta ea likhoele tsa kantle tsa fiber optic: Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea likhoele tsa kantle tsa fiber optic tse fumanehang ho lumellana le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa ho kenya. Lithapo tse hlephileng li sebelisoa hangata bakeng sa ho kenya lisebelisoa tsa kantle ho sebaka se selelele. Li na le likhoele tsa fiber tse kentsoeng ka har'a li-buffer tubes bakeng sa ts'ireletso khahlanong le mongobo le likhatello tsa mochini. Lithapo tsa ribone, tse tšoanang le tse ling tsa tsona tsa ka tlung, li na le likhoele tse ngata tse khokahantsoeng hammoho ka har'a tlhophiso ea ribone e sephara, e lumellang hore ho be le khoele e phahameng ea fiber ka mokhoa o kopaneng. Lithapo tsa moeeng li etselitsoe ho kenngoa lipalong, ha lithapo tse tobileng tsa lepato li etselitsoe ho patoa ka tlas'a lefatše ntle le tlhokahalo ea kotopo e eketsehileng ea tšireletso.
• Lisebelisoa tsa ho kenya ka ntle: Lithapo tsa kantle tsa fiber optic li kentsoe lits'ebetsong tse ngata tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa marang-rang a nako e telele a likhokahano, marang-rang a libaka tsa metropolitan (MANs), le lisebelisoa tsa fiber-to-the-home (FTTH). Li fana ka khokahanyo lipakeng tsa meaho, li-campus, le litsi tsa data, hape li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho hokahanya libaka tse hole kapa ho theha likhokahanyo tse phahameng tsa backhaul bakeng sa marang-rang a se nang mohala. Lithapo tsa kantle tsa fiber optic li thusa phetiso ea data ka lebelo le holimo, ho phallela video, le phihlello ea inthanete libakeng tse telele.
• Lintlha tsa tikoloho: Lithapo tsa kantle tsa fiber optic li tlameha ho mamella mathata a fapaneng a tikoloho. Li etselitsoe ho hanela mocheso o feteletseng, mongobo, mahlaseli a UV le lik'hemik'hale. Li entsoe ka mokhoa o khethehileng hore li be le matla a matla a ho tiea le ho hanyetsa litšusumetso, abrasion le tšenyo ea litoeba. Lithapo tse khethehileng tsa lihlomo kapa lithapo tsa moeeng tse nang le mehala ea manqosa li sebelisoa libakeng tse atisang ho ba le khatello ea kelello ea 'mele kapa moo ho kenngoa ho ka kenyelletsang ho fanyeha ka holim'a lipalo.
• Tlhokomelo le tokiso: Lithapo tsa kantle tsa fiber optic li hloka tlhahlobo le tlhokomelo nako le nako ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng. Ho hloekisa khafetsa le ho hlahloba lihokelo, li-splices le libaka tsa ho emisa ho bohlokoa. Mehato ea ts'ireletso, joalo ka tlhahlobo ea nako le nako bakeng sa ho kenella ha metsi le ho beha leihlo tahlehelo ea mats'oao, e lokela ho etsoa ho bona mathata afe kapa afe a ka bang teng. Haeba ho na le ts'enyo ea lithapo, ho ka sebelisoa mekhoa ea ho lokisa e kenyelletsang ho kopanya ha fusion kapa ho kopanya ka mechine ho khutlisetsa optical fiber ho tsoela pele.

 

Lithapo tsa kantle tsa fiber optic li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng likhokahano tsa marang-rang tse matla le tse tšepahalang libakeng tse telele. Bokhoni ba bona ba ho mamella maemo a thata a tikoloho le ho boloka botsitso ba matšoao bo etsa hore e be ba bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho holisa khokahano ea marang-rang ho feta meaho le libakeng tse ngata tse kantle.

3. Indoor vs Outdoor Fiber Optic Cables: Mokhoa oa ho Khetha

Ho khetha mofuta o nepahetseng oa thapo ea fiber optic bakeng sa tikoloho ea ho kenya ke habohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea marang-rang, ho tšepahala le nako ea bophelo. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa lithapo tsa kahare vs kantle li kenyelletsa: 

 

• Maemo a ho kenya - Lithapo tsa kantle li lekantsoe bakeng sa ho pepesetsoa maemo a leholimo, khanya ea letsatsi, mongobo le mocheso o feteletseng. Ba sebelisa lijaki tse teteaneng, tse hanyetsanang le UV le li-gel kapa li-grease ho itšireletsa khahlanong le ho kenella ha metsi. Lithapo tsa ka tlung ha li hloke thepa ena 'me li na le li-jackets tse tšesaane, tse se nang litekanyetso. Ho sebelisa thapo ea ka tlung ka ntle ho tla senya thapo kapele. 
• Lintlha tsa likarolo - Lithapo tsa ka ntle li sebelisa likarolo tse reriloeng ka ho khetheha bakeng sa tikoloho e thata joalo ka litho tse matla tsa tšepe e sa hloekang, likhoele tsa aramid tse thibelang metsi, le likhokahanyo/lithapo tse nang le litiiso tsa gel. Likarolo tsena ha li hlokahale bakeng sa ho kenya ka hare ho ntlo le ho li tlohela sebakeng sa ka ntle ho tla fokotsa haholo nako ea bophelo ba cable.  
• Conduit vs lepato le tobileng - Lithapo tsa kantle tse kentsoeng ka tlas'a lefatše li ka tsamaea ka kotopo kapa tsa patoa ka kotloloho. Lithapo tsa lepato tse tobileng li na le lijaki tse boima tsa polyethylene (PE) 'me hangata li kenyelletsa lera la lihlomo ka kakaretso bakeng sa tšireletso e phahameng ha li kopane le mobu. Lithapo tse lekantsoeng ka conduit li na le baki e bobebe 'me ha li na lihlomo kaha khoele e sireletsa thapo tšenyong ea tikoloho. 
• Aerial vs ka tlas'a lefatše - Lithapo tse etselitsoeng ho kenngoa moeeng li na le sebopeho sa setšoantšo-8 se ikemetseng pakeng tsa lipalo. Li hloka lijaki tse sa keneleng UV, tse lekantsoeng ke boemo ba leholimo empa ha li na lihlomo. Lithapo tse ka tlas'a lefatše li sebelisa moralo o chitja, o kopaneng 'me hangata li kenyelletsa likarolo tsa lihlomo le tse thibelang metsi bakeng sa ho kenya liforo kapa lithanele. Cable ea moeeng ha e khone ho mamella likhatello tsa ho kenya ka tlas'a lefatše. 
• Tekanyo ea mollo - Lithapo tse ling tsa ka tlung, haholo-holo tse libakeng tsa ho tšoara moea, li hloka lijase tse sa cheng le tse se nang chefo ho qoba ho jala malakabe kapa mosi o chefo mollong. Lithapo tsena tsa mosi o tlase, zero-halogen (LSZH) kapa tse thibelang mollo, tse se nang asbestos (FR-A) li ntša mosi o monyane 'me ha li na lintho tse kotsi ha li le mollong. Cable e tloaelehileng e ka ntša mosi o chefo, kahoo thapo e lekantsoeng mollo e sireletsehile haholoanyane libakeng tseo batho ba ka amehang ho tsona. 

 

Sheba hape: Indoor vs. Outdoor Fiber Optic Cables: Metheo, Liphapang, le Mokhoa oa ho Khetha

 

Ho khetha mofuta o nepahetseng oa thapo bakeng sa tikoloho ea ho kenya ho boloka nako ea marang-rang le ts'ebetso ha o ntse o qoba ho nkela sebaka se theko e boima sa likarolo tse khethiloeng ka phoso. Likarolo tse lekantsoeng ka ntle hangata li na le litšenyehelo tse phahameng, kahoo ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea tsona ho likarolo tsa kantle tsa cable ho thusa ho ntlafatsa tekanyetso ea marang-rang kaofela. Ka thapo e loketseng bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng sa maemo a tikoloho, marang-rang a tšepahalang a fiber optic a ka sebelisoa hohle moo ho hlokahalang.

Ho theha marang-rang a hau a Fiber Optic

Marang-rang a Fiber optic a hloka moralo o hlokolosi ho khetha likarolo tse tla lumellana le litlhoko tsa hajoale empa e le tekanyo bakeng sa kholo ea nako e tlang le ho fana ka botsitso ka ho se sebetse. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa moralong oa sistimi ea fiber li kenyelletsa:

 

• Mofuta oa Feri: Khetha fiber ea singlemode kapa multimode. Mokhoa o le mong bakeng sa >10 Gbps, sebaka se selelele. Multimode bakeng sa <10 Gbps, matha a makhutšoane. Nahana ka OM3, OM4 kapa OM5 bakeng sa fiber ea multimode le OS2 kapa OS1 bakeng sa singlemode. Khetha li-diameter tsa fiber tse tsamaellanang le khokahanyo le likou tsa lisebelisoa. Rera mefuta ea fiber ho potoloha sebaka, bandwidth le litlhoko tsa tekanyetso ea tahlehelo. 
• Topology ea Marangrang: Likhetho tse tloaelehileng ke ntlha-to-point (link e tobileng), bese (multipoint: splice data into cable between endpoints), ring (multipoint: circle with endpoints), sefate/branch (hierarchical offshoot lines), le mesh (lihokelo tse ngata tse intersecting) . Khetha topology e ipapisitseng le litlhoko tsa khokahanyo, litsela tse fumanehang, le boemo ba ho se sebetse. Li-topology tsa li-ring le mesh li fana ka botsitso bo boholo ka litsela tse ngata tse ka bang teng. 
• Palo ea Fiber: Khetha lipalo tsa fiber strand ho matha ka 'ngoe ea thapo, kampeng, phanele e ipapisitseng le tlhoko ea hajoale le likhakanyo tsa nako e tlang tsa bandwidth / kholo. Hoa khoneha ho kenya lithapo / likarolo tse phahameng ka ho fetesisa tseo tekanyetso e li lumellang kaha ho kopanya likhoele le ho hlophisa bocha ho thata haeba ho hlokahala likhoele tse ling hamorao. Bakeng sa lihokelo tsa mantlha tsa mokokotlo, moralo oa fiber o bala makhetlo a ka bang 2-4 litlhoko tse hakanyetsoang tsa bandwidth ho feta lilemo tse 10-15.  
• Ho ikamahanya le maemo: Rala lisebelisoa tsa fiber ka tlhokahalo ea bokamoso ba bandwidth kelellong. Khetha lisebelisoa tse nang le fiber e kholo ka ho fetisisa e sebetsang 'me u siee sebaka sa ho atolosoa ka har'a liphaephe, liraka le litsela. Reka feela li-patch panels, lik'hasete le lithapo tse nang le mefuta ea li-adapter le lipalo tsa boema-kepe tse hlokahalang bakeng sa litlhoko tsa hajoale, empa khetha lisebelisoa tsa modular tse nang le sebaka sa hore likou tse ngata li eketsoe ha bandwidth e ntse e hola ho qoba ho nkela sebaka se theko e boima. 
• Tlhokahalo: Kenyelletsa lihokelo tse sa hlokahaleng lits'ebetsong tsa li-cabling/fiber moo nako ea phomolo e ke keng ea mamelloa (sepetlele, setsi sa data, ts'ebeliso). Sebelisa mesh topology, dual homing (lihokelo tse peli ho tloha sebakeng sa marang-rang ho ea ho marang-rang), kapa li-protocol tsa lifate ka holim'a topology ea 'mele ho thibela lihokelo tse sa hlokahaleng le ho etsa hore ho se ke ha khoneha. Ntle le moo, rera litsela tse arohaneng tsa li-cabling le litsela tsa ho fana ka likhetho tse sa hlokeng letho tsa khokahanyo lipakeng tsa libaka / meaho ea bohlokoa. 
• Ts'ebetsong: Sebetsa le baqapi ba netefalitsoeng le li-installer tse nang le boiphihlelo ba ho tsamaisa marang-rang a fiber. Bokgoni mabapi le ho kgaola le ho kopanya thapo ya fiber optic, mahokelo a teko, le dikarolo tsa ho laela di a hlokeha ho fihlella tshebetso e nepahetseng. Ngola ka ho hlaka litokomane tsa motheo bakeng sa merero ea tsamaiso le ea ho rarolla mathata.

 

Bakeng sa khokahanyo e sebetsang ea nako e telele ea faeba, ho rera moralo o ka senyehang le sistimi e phahameng e ka fetohang hammoho le mahlale a khokahanyo ea dijithale ke ntho ea bohlokoa. Nahana ka litlhoko tsa hajoale le tsa nakong e tlang ha u khetha fiber optic cabling, likarolo tsa khokahanyo, litsela, le lisebelisoa ho qoba lintlafatso tse theko e boima kapa mathata a marang-rang ha litlhoko tsa bandwidth li ntse li eketseha ho feta nako ea bophelo ea lits'ebetso. Ka moralo o tiileng, o netefalitsoeng kamoso o kentsoeng tšebetsong ka nepo ke litsebi tse nang le boiphihlelo, marang-rang a fiber optic e fetoha letlotlo la maano le pusetso e kholo matseteng.

Khokahano ea Likhetla tsa Fiber Optic: Malebela le Mekhoa e Metle ka ho Fetisisa

Malebela ke ana a mekhoa e metle ea fiber optic:

 

• Kamehla latela meeli e khothaletsoang ea ho kobeha bakeng sa mofuta o khethehileng oa thapo ea fiber optic. Ho kobeha fiber ka thata haholo ho ka senya khalase le ho senya litsela tsa mahlo. 
• Boloka lihokelo tsa fiber optic le li-adapter li hloekile. Likhokahano tse litšila kapa tse mengolo li hasanya leseli le ho fokotsa matla a lets'oao. Hangata e nkoa e le #1 sesosa sa tahlehelo ea matšoao.
• Sebelisa lihlahisoa tse hloekisitsoeng tse lumelletsoeng feela. Joala ba Isopropyl le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa ho hloekisa fiber optic li bolokehile bakeng sa likhokahano tse ngata tsa fiber ha li sebelisoa hantle. Lik'hemik'hale tse ling li ka senya bokaholimo ba fiber le lirafshoa. 
• Sireletsa fiber optic cabling ho tsoa tšusumetsong le ho sithabela. Ho theola kapa ho penya fiber ho ka petsola khalase, ho pshatla lesela, kapa ho hatella le ho sotha thapo, tsohle tsa baka tšenyo e sa feleng.
• Boloka polarity e nepahetseng likhoeleng tsa duplex fiber le likutu tsa MPO. Ho sebelisa polarity e fosahetseng ho thibela phetiso ea leseli lipakeng tsa likhoele tse pentiloeng hantle. Setsebi sa A, B pinout le lipapiso tse ngata bakeng sa khokahanyo ea hau. 
• Ngola likhoele tsohle tsa fiber optic ka ho hlaka le ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng. Sekema se kang "Rack4-PatchPanel12-Port6" se lumella ho tsebahatsa sehokelo se seng le se seng sa fiber. 
• Lekanya tahlehelo 'me u leke fiber eohle e kentsoeng ka OTDR. Netefatsa hore tahlehelo e teng kapa e ka tlase ho lintlha tsa moetsi pele o qala. Batla liphapang tse bontšang tšenyo, likhechana tse fokolang kapa lihokelo tse sa lokelang tse hlokang ho lokisoa. 
• Koetlisa litsebi ka mokhoa o nepahetseng oa fusion splicing. Fusion splicing e lokela ho ikamahanya hantle le li-fiber cores le ho ba le geometry e ntle ea cleave libakeng tsa splice bakeng sa tahlehelo e nepahetseng. Mokhoa o fosahetseng o fella ka tahlehelo e phahameng le ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea marang-rang. 
• Laola fiber ea slack ka mokhoa o nang le boikarabelo o sebelisa likarolo tsa kabo ea fiber le li-spools tse thellang. Fiber e feteletseng e koaletsoeng ka har'a matlung a likhokahanyo / li-adapter, 'me ho thata ho fihlella kapa ho latela morao bakeng sa metsamao/e eketsa/liphetoho. 
• Ngola likhoele tsohle tse kentsoeng ho kenyeletsoa liphetho tsa liteko, libaka tse thellang, mefuta ea likhokahano/lihlopha, le polarity. Litokomane li lumella hore ho be bonolo ho rarolla mathata, ho lokisoa le ho ntlafatsa / ho ntlafatsa marang-rang. Khaello ea lirekoto hangata e bolela ho qala qalong. 
• Rera bakeng sa katoloso le bandwidth e phahameng nakong e tlang. Ho kenya likhoele tse ngata ho feta kamoo ho hlokahalang hona joale le ho sebelisa khoele e nang le likhoele tse hulang / lithapo tsa tataiso ho lumella litšenyehelo tsa ntlafatso ho lebelo la marang-rang/bokhoni ho theosa le tsela.

MPO/MTP Fiber Optic Cabling

Lihokelo le likopano tsa MPO/MTP li sebelisoa marang-rang a lipalo tse phahameng tsa fiber moo ho leng thata ho laola likhoele ka bomong, joalo ka 100G + Ethernet le FTTA. Likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa MPO li kenyelletsa:

1. Lithapo tsa kutu

E na le likhoele tse 12 ho isa ho tse 72 tse felisitsoeng sehokelong se le seng sa MPO/MTP pheletsong ka 'ngoe. E sebelisoa bakeng sa ho hokahanya pakeng tsa lisebelisoa litsing tsa data, FTTA e tsamaisa litora, le lisebelisoa tsa co-location ea carrier. Dumella ho teteana ha fiber e phahameng yuniting e le 'ngoe e ka phuthehang. 

2. Hokela likhoele

E-ba le sehokelo se le seng sa MPO/MTP pheletsong e 'ngoe le lihokelo tse ngata tse bonolo/duplex (LC/SC) ka lehlakoreng le leng. Fana ka phetoho ho tloha ho li-multi-fiber ho ea ho khokahanyo ea fiber ka bomong. E kentsoe lipakeng tsa litsamaiso tse thehiloeng ho trunk le lisebelisoa tse nang le likhokahano tsa koung tsa discrete.

3. Litheipi

E jere li-adapter modules tse amohelang MPO/MTP le/kapa simplex/duplex connectors ho fana ka modular cross-connect. Likhasete li kenngoa ka har'a likarolo tsa kabo ea fiber, liforeimi le liphanele tsa patch. E sebelisoa bakeng sa li-network tsa interconnect le cross-connect. Boima bo phahameng haholo ho feta liphanele tsa adaptara tsa setso.

4. Li-splitter tsa kutu

E-ba le sehokelo sa MPO qetellong se nang le liphetho tse peli tsa MPO ho arola kutu e le 'ngoe ea fiber e phahameng ka likutu tse peli tse tlase tsa palo ea fiber. Ka mohlala, ho kenngoa ha likhoele tse 24 ho arotsoe likarolo tse peli tsa likhoele tse 12 e le 'ngoe. Lumella marang-rang a trunking a MPO hore a lokisoe bocha ka nepo. 

5. MEPPI adapter modules

Tsamaea ka har'a lik'hasete le liphanele tse kentsoeng. E na le li-adapter tsa MPO ka morao ho amohela khokahanyo ea MPO e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta le li-adapter tse ngata tsa LC/SC ka pele tse arolang fiber e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe lihokelong tsa MPO. Fana ka sehokelo lipakeng tsa trunking ea MPO le khokahanyo ea LC/SC ho lisebelisoa. 

6. Ho nahanela polarity

MPO/MTP cabling e hloka ho boloka maemo a faeba a nepahetseng le polarity ho pholletsa le kanale bakeng sa khokahanyo ea ho qetela ho isa qetellong litseleng tse nepahetseng tsa optical. Mefuta e meraro ea polarity e teng bakeng sa MPO: Type A - Key up to key up, Type B - Key down to key down, and Type C - Center row fibers, non-centre row fibers transposed. Polarity e nepahetseng ka meralo ea motheo ea cabling e bohlokoa ho seng joalo mats'oao a ke ke a feta ka nepo lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tse hoketsoeng.

7. Litokomane le ho ngola

Ka lebaka la palo e phahameng ea fiber le ho rarahana, lisebelisoa tsa MPO li na le kotsi e kholo ea tlhophiso e fosahetseng e lebisang mathateng a ho rarolla mathata. Litokomane tse hlokolosi tsa litsela tsa kutu, libaka tsa ho emisa, likabelo tsa li-cassette slot, trunk splitter orientation le mefuta ea polarity li tlameha ho rekotoa joalo ka ha li etselitsoe ho sebelisoa hamorao. Ho ngola ka botlalo ho boetse ho bohlokoa. 

Teko ea Cable ea Fiber Optic

Ho netefatsa hore likhoele tsa fiber optic li kentsoe le ho sebetsa hantle, liteko tse 'maloa li tlameha ho etsoa ho kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea ho tsoelapele, tlhahlobo ea sefahleho le tlhahlobo ea tahlehelo ea mahlo. Liteko tsena li netefatsa hore likhoele ha li senyehe, lihokelo li boleng bo holimo, 'me tahlehelo ea khanya e ka har'a maemo a amohelehang bakeng sa phetiso e sebetsang ea mats'oao.

 

• Teko ea ts'ebetso - E sebelisa sesebelisoa sa "visual fault locator" (VFL) ho romela lebone le bonahalang le lefubelu la laser ka fiber ho hlahloba hore na ha ho na khefu, ho kobeha kapa mathata a mang. Khanya e khubelu qetellong e bontša tlhale e sa fetoheng, e tsoelang pele. 
• Tlhahlobo ea sefahleho - E sebelisa sesebelisoa sa microscope ea faeba ho lekola lifahleho tse qetellang tsa likhoele le likhokahanyo bakeng sa mengoapo, likoting kapa litšila. Boleng ba sefahleho sa ho qetela bo bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea ho kenya le ho khutlela morao. Lifahleho tsa fiber li tlameha ho belisoa, ho hloekisoa, 'me li se ke tsa senyeha.
• Teko ea tahlehelo ea mahlo - E lekanya tahlehelo ea leseli ho li-decibel (dB) lipakeng tsa likhoele le likarolo ho netefatsa hore e ka tlase ho tumello e phahameng. Sete ea tlhahlobo ea tahlehelo ea mahlo (OLTS) e na le mohloli o khanyang le meter ea matla ho metha tahlehelo. Maemo a tahlehelo a hlalosoa ho ipapisitsoe le lintlha tse kang mofuta oa cable, wavelength, sebaka, le maemo a marang-rang. Tahlehelo e ngata haholo e fokotsa matla a lets'oao le bandwidth.

 

Teko ea thapo ea fiber optic e hloka lisebelisoa tse 'maloa ho kenyelletsa:

 

• Visual fault locator (VFL) - E hlahisa lebone le lefubelu la laser e bonahalang ho lekola tsoelo-pele ea fiber le litselana tsa fiber.
• Fiber microscope probe - E holisa le ho khantša lifahleho tsa fiber qetellong ho 200X ho isa ho 400X bakeng sa tlhahlobo.
• Sete ea tlhahlobo ea tahlehelo ea mahlo (OLTS) - E kenyelletsa mohloli o tsitsitseng oa leseli le meter ea matla ho lekanya tahlehelo ho dB lipakeng tsa likhoele, likhokahano le lithapo. 
• Lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa fiber - Masela a bonolo, lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa, lihlapolli le li-swabs ho hloekisa likhoele hantle le lifahleho pele ho liteko kapa ho hokela. Lintho tse silafatsang ke mohloli o moholo oa tahlehelo le tšenyo. 
• Lithapo tsa tlhahlobo ea litšupiso - Lithapo tse khutšoane tsa patch ho hokela lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ho cabling tlas'a teko. Lithapo tsa litšupiso li tlameha ho ba tsa boleng bo holimo ho qoba tšitiso ea litekanyo.
• Lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba ka mahlo - Toche, borescope, seipone sa tlhahlobo se sebelisetsoang ho lekola likarolo tsa fiber cabling le ho kenya ts'enyehelo kapa mathata afe kapa afe. 

 

Ho hlokahala liteko tse matla tsa likhokahano tsa fiber optic le marang-rang ho boloka ts'ebetso e lekaneng le ho latela maemo a indasteri. Teko, tlhahlobo le tlhoekiso li lokela ho etsoa nakong ea ho kenya ts'ebetso ea pele, ha liphetoho li etsoa, ​​​​kapa haeba tahlehelo kapa mathata a bandwidth a hlaha. Fiber e fetang liteko tsohle e tla fana ka lilemo tse ngata tsa ts'ebeletso e potlakileng, e tšepahalang.

Ho bala Lichelete tsa Tahlehelo ea Khokahano le Khetho ea Cable

Ha ho etsoa marang-rang a fiber optic, ke habohlokoa ho bala kakaretso ea tahlehelo ea khokahanyo ho netefatsa hore ho na le matla a lekaneng a hore leseli le fumanoe qetellong ea ho amohela. Tekanyetso ea tahlehelo ea sehokelo e ikarabella bakeng sa ho nyenyefatsa hohle sehokelong, ho kenyeletsoa tahlehelo ea mohala oa fiber, tahlehelo ea sehokelo, tahlehelo ea splice, le tahlehelo efe kapa efe ea likarolo. Kakaretso ea tahlehelo ea lihokelo e tlameha ho ba tlase ho tahlehelo e ka mamelloang ha e ntse e boloka matla a mats'oao a lekaneng, a tsejoang e le "tekanyetso ea matla".

 

Tahlehelo ea likhokahanyo e lekantsoe ka li-decibel ka khilomithara (dB/km) bakeng sa fiber e khethehileng le bolelele ba maqhubu a mohloli o khanyang bo sebelisitsoeng. Maemo a tloaelehileng a tahlehelo bakeng sa mefuta e tloaelehileng ea fiber le wavelength ke: 

 

• Fiber ea mofuta o le mong (SM) @ 1310 nm - 0.32-0.4 dB/km      
• Fiber ea mofuta o le mong (SM) @ 1550 nm - 0.25 dB/km 
• Multi-mode (MM) faeba @ 850 nm - 2.5-3.5 dB/km 

 

Sehokelo le tahlehelo ea splice ke boleng bo tsitsitseng bakeng sa lihokelo tsohle, ho pota -0.5 dB ka sehokelo se kopantsoeng se kopane kapa sehokelo sa splice. Palo ea likhokahanyo e ipapisitse le bolelele ba lihokelo kaha lihokelo tse telele li ka hloka likarolo tse ngata tsa fiber ho kopanngoa.  

 

Tekanyetso ea matla a khokahanyo e tlameha ho ikarabella bakeng sa mefuta ea matla a transmitter le ea moamoheli, moeli oa polokeho ea matla, le tahlehelo efe kapa efe e eketsehileng ho tsoa ho likhoele tsa patch, li-fiber attenuators, kapa likarolo tse sebetsang. Ho tlameha ho be le matla a lekaneng a transmitter le kutlo ea seamoheli hore sehokelo se sebetse hantle ka moeli o itseng oa polokeho, hangata e ka bang 10% ea tekanyetso eohle.

 

Ho ipapisitsoe le tekanyetso ea tahlehelo ea sehokelo le litlhoko tsa matla, ho tlameha ho khethoa mofuta o nepahetseng oa fiber le transmitter/receiver. Fiber e nang le mokhoa o le mong e lokela ho sebelisoa bakeng sa libaka tse telele kapa li-bandwidth tse phahameng ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea eona e tlaase, ha mefuta e mengata e ka sebetsa bakeng sa lihokelo tse khutšoanyane ha theko e tlaase e le ea bohlokoa. Mehloli ea leseli le baamoheli ba tla hlakisa boholo bo lumellanang ba fiber core le wavelength. 

 

Lithapo tsa ka ntle li boetse li na le litlhaloso tse phahameng tsa tahlehelo, kahoo lichelete tsa tahlehelo tsa khokahanyo li tlameha ho fetoloa ho lefella ha ho sebelisoa likarolo tsa cable tsa ka ntle. Khetha lisebelisoa le likhokahanyo tse lekantsoeng ka ntle ho qoba ho senyeha ha mongobo le boemo ba leholimo likhokahanong tsena. 

 

Lihokelo tsa Fiber optic li ka ts'ehetsa tahlehelo e lekanyelitsoeng ha li ntse li fana ka matla a lekaneng ho fetisetsa lets'oao le baloang ho moamoheli. Ka ho bala kakaretso ea tahlehelo ea khokahanyo ho tsoa linthong tsohle tse nyahamisang le ho khetha likarolo tse nang le boleng bo lumellanang ba tahlehelo, marang-rang a sebetsang hantle le a tšepahalang a fiber optic a ka etsoa le ho sebelisoa. Litahlehelo tse fetang tekanyetso ea matla li tla fella ka ho fokotseha ha matšoao, liphoso tse nyane kapa ho hloleha ho felletseng ha lihokelo. 

Maemo a Indasteri ea Fiber Optic 

Litekanyetso tsa theknoloji ea fiber optic li hlahisoa le ho hlokomeloa ke mekhatlo e mengata, ho kenyelletsa:

1. Mokhatlo oa Indasteri ea Likhokahano (TIA)

E theha maemo bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa khokahanyo joalo ka likhoele tsa fiber optic, likhokahano, likhoele le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo. Litekanyetso tsa TIA li totobatsa litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso, ts'epahalo le polokeho. Litekanyetso tsa bohlokoa tsa fiber li kenyelletsa TIA-492, TIA-568, TIA-606 le TIA-942.

 

• EA-568-TIA - Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard ho tloha TIA e akaretsa liteko le litlhoko tsa ho kenya koporo le fiber cabling libakeng tsa likhoebo. TIA-568 e totobatsa mefuta ea li-cabling, libaka, tshebetso le polarity bakeng sa likhokahano tsa fiber. Litšupiso tsa ISO/IEC 11801 standard.
• TIA-604-5-D - Fiber Optic Connector Intermateability Standard (FOCIS) e totobatsang geometry ea sehokelo sa MPO, boholo ba 'mele, litekanyetso tsa ts'ebetso ho fihlela tšebelisano lipakeng tsa mehloli le likhoele. Litšupiso tsa FOCIS-10 12-fiber MPO le FOCIS-5 litšupiso tsa 24-fiber MPO likhokahanyo tse sebelisoang ho 40/100G parallel optics le MPO system cabling.

2. Khomishene ea Machabeng ea Tekheniki ea Motlakase (IEC)

E theha litekanyetso tsa machaba tsa fiber optic tse shebaneng le ts'ebetso, ts'epahalo, polokeho le liteko. IEC 60794 le IEC 61280 li koahela thapo ea fiber optic le litlhaloso tsa sehokelo.

 

• ISO / IEC 11801 - International generic cabling bakeng sa maemo a sebaka sa bareki. E hlalosa lintlha tsa ts'ebetso bakeng sa limaraka tse fapaneng tsa fiber (OM1 ho isa ho OM5 multimode, OS1 ho OS2 mode e le 'ngoe). litlhaloso ho 11801 li amoheloa lefatšeng ka bophara 'me li boleloa ke TIA-568.
• IEC 61753-1 - Lisebelisoa tse hokahanyang tsa fiber optic le maemo a ts'ebetso ea likarolo tse sa sebetseng. E totobatsa liteko le mekhoa ea liteko bakeng sa ho lekola ts'ebetso ea optical ea likhokahano tsa fiber, li-adapter, li-protectors tsa li-splice le likhokahano tse ling tse sebelisoang lihokelong tsa fiber. E hlalositsoe ke Telcordia GR-20-CORE le litekanyetso tsa cabling.

3. International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Mokhatlo oa Machaba a Kopaneng o thehang litekanyetso tsa theknoloji ea mehala ea puisano, ho kenyeletsoa le fiber optics. ITU-T G.651-G.657 e fana ka litlhaloso bakeng sa mefuta ea fiber ea mofuta o le mong le litšobotsi.

  

4. Setsi sa Baenjiniere ba Motlakase le Elektronike (IEEE)

Litaba tsa litekanyetso tsa theknoloji ea fiber optic e amanang le litsi tsa data, lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang, le litsamaiso tsa lipalangoang. IEEE 802.3 e hlalosa litekanyetso tsa marang-rang a fiber optic ethernet.

 

• EA-802.3 - Tekanyetso ea Ethernet ho tsoa ho IEEE e sebelisang fiber optic cabling le lihokelo. Litlhaloso tsa mecha ea litaba ea fiber bakeng sa 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LRM, 10GBASE-LR, 40GBASE-SR4, 100GBASE-SR10 le 100GBASE-LR4 li hlalositsoe ho latela mefuta ea fiber ea OM3, OM4 le OS2. Khokahano ea MPO/MTP e hlalositsoe bakeng sa mecha ea litaba ea fiber. 

5. Mokhatlo oa Indasteri ea Elektronike (EIA)

E sebetsa le TIA ho nts'etsapele litekanyetso tsa lihlahisoa tsa khokahanyo, ka EIA-455 le EIA/TIA-598 e tsepamisitseng maikutlo ho lihokelo tsa fiber optic le motheo. 

6. Telcordia / Bellcore

E theha maemo a lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang, lisebelisoa tsa kantle ho limela le li-fibre optics tsa ofising United States. GR-20 e fana ka maemo a ts'eptjoang bakeng sa fiber optic cabling. 

 

• Telcordia GR-20-CORE - Telcordia (eo pele e neng e le Bellcore) litlhoko tse hlakisang hantle bakeng sa fiber optic cabling e sebelisoang ho marang-rang a lipalangoang, liofising tse bohareng le polante e kantle. Litšupiso tsa TIA le litekanyetso tsa ISO/IEC empa li kenyelletsa mangolo a eketsehileng bakeng sa mefuta ea mocheso, bophelo bo bolelele, kaho ea lithapo le tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso. E fana ka bahlahisi ba lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang le bajari ba litataiso tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa fiber tse tšepahalang haholo.

7. RUS Bulletin

• RUS Bulletin 1715E-810 - Fiber optic specification ho tloha Rural Utilities Service (RUS) e fanang ka tataiso bakeng sa moralo, ho kenya le ho hlahloba lisebelisoa tsa fiber optic bakeng sa lisebelisoa. E ipapisitse le maemo a indasteri empa e kenyelletsa litlhoko tse ling tse mabapi le matlo a koaletsoeng a ho kopanya, lisebelisoa tse ntseng li hola, ho ngola, ho kopanya / ho thea bakeng sa tikoloho ea marang-rang ea utility.

 

Maemo a bohlokoa bakeng sa marang-rang a fiber optic ka mabaka a 'maloa: 

 

• Ho se sebetsane - Likarolo tse fihlelang litekanyetso tse tšoanang li ka sebetsa 'moho li lumellana, ho sa tsotelehe moetsi. Maemo a netefatsa hore li-transmitter, likhoele, le ba amohelang li tla sebetsa joalo ka sistimi e kopaneng.
• tšepahala - Maemo a hlakisa mekhoa ea ts'ebetso, mekhoa ea tlhahlobo le lintlha tsa polokeho ho fana ka boemo ba ts'epahalo bakeng sa marang-rang a fiber le likarolo. Lihlahisoa li tlameha ho kopana le bonyane ba radius e kobehileng, tsitsipano e hulang, mefuta ea mocheso le lintlha tse ling hore li lumellane le maemo. 
• Quality - Baetsi ba tlameha ho latela moralo, lisebelisoa le litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso ho theha lihlahisoa tse lumellanang. Sena se fella ka boleng bo holimo, bo tsitsitseng ba lihlahisoa tsa fiber optic. 
• Support - Thepa le marang-rang a ipapisitseng le litekanyetso tse amoheloang ke batho ba bangata li tla ba le ts'ehetso e ntle ea nako e telele le ho fumaneha ha likarolo tse ling tse lumellanang. Theknoloji ea thepa kapa e sa tloaelehang e ka fetoha ea khale.

 

Ha marang-rang a fiber optic le theknoloji li ntse li tsoela pele ho hola lefatšeng ka bophara, litekanyetso li ikemiselitse ho potlakisa kholo ka ho sebelisana, ho eketseha ha boleng, ho tšepahala le tšehetso ea bophelo. Bakeng sa marang-rang a bohlokoa a ts'ebetso e phahameng, likarolo tsa fiber optic tse thehiloeng maemong li bohlokoa. 

Likhetho tsa Redundancy bakeng sa Fiber Optic Networks 

Bakeng sa marang-rang a bohlokoa a hlokang nako e phahameng haholo, ho hloka mosebetsi hoa hlokahala. Likhetho tse 'maloa tsa ho kenyelletsa redundancy ho marang-rang a fiber optic li kenyelletsa:

 

1. Mehele ea marang-rang a ipholisang - Ho hokahanya li-node tsa marang-rang ho topology ea selikalikoe ka litsela tse peli tse ikemetseng tsa fiber lipakeng tsa node ka 'ngoe. Haeba tsela e le 'ngoe ea faeba e khaohile kapa e senyehile, sephethephethe se itsamaela ka tsela e fapaneng ho potoloha selikalikoe. E atileng haholo ho marang-rang a metro le litsing tsa data. 
2. Mesh topology - Node e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea marang-rang e hokahane le li-node tse ngata tse potolohileng, e theha litsela tse sa sebetseng tsa khokahano. Haeba tsela leha e le efe e hloleha, sephethephethe se ka boela sa tsamaea ka li-node tse ling. Molemo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa marang-rang a campus moo litlhoko tsa nako ea ho phomola li phahameng. 
3. Litsela tse fapaneng - Sephethephethe sa data sa mantlha le se tšehetsang se feta ka litsela tse peli tse fapaneng ho tloha mohloling ho ea moo ho eang teng. Haeba tsela ea mantlha e hloleha, sephethephethe se fetohela ka potlako tseleng ea bekapo. Lisebelisoa tse fapaneng, litsela tsa li-cabling esita le litsela tsa libaka li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho fokolloa ho hoholo. 
4. Phetiso ea lisebelisoa - Lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa marang-rang joalo ka li-switches le li-routers li kentsoe ka li-parallel sete tse nang le liipone. Haeba sesebelisoa se le seng se hloleha kapa se hloka tlhokomelo, yuniti e kopitsoang e nka sebaka hang-hang ho boloka ts'ebetso ea marang-rang. E hloka lisebelisoa tse peli tsa motlakase le taolo e hlokolosi ea litlhophiso. 
5. Phapang ea tsela ea fiber - Moo ho khonehang, fiber optic cabling bakeng sa litsela tsa mantlha le tsa morao-rao li latela litselana tse arohaneng lipakeng tsa libaka. Sena se sireletsa khahlanong le ntlha e le 'ngoe ea ho hloleha tseleng efe kapa efe ka lebaka la tšenyo kapa litaba tsa tikoloho. Ho sebelisoa meaho e arohaneng ea menyako ea meaho le mehala ea likhoele libakeng tse fapaneng tsa khamphase. 
6. Phetiso ea Transponder - Bakeng sa marang-rang a marang-rang a koahelang libaka tse telele, li-transponder tse matlafalitsoeng kapa li-regenerator li behoa hoo e ka bang lik'hilomithara tse ling le tse ling tse 50-100 ho boloka matla a pontšo. Li-transponders tse sa hlokahaleng (1 + 1 ts'ireletso) kapa litsela tse bapileng tse nang le li-transponder tse arohaneng tseleng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe li sireletsa sehokelo khahlanong le liphoso tsa amplifier tse neng li ka thibela sephethephethe. 

 

Le moralo ofe kapa ofe redundancy, othomathike failover ho bekapo likarolo ho hlokahala ho tsosolosa tšebeletso ka potlako ka boemo phoso. Software ea tsamaiso ea marang-rang e shebella ka mafolofolo litsela le lisebelisoa tsa mantlha, hang-hang e hlahisang lisebelisoa tsa ho boloka chelete haeba ho hlōleha ho fumanoa. Redundancy e hloka matsete a eketsehileng empa e fana ka nako e telele le botsitso bakeng sa marang-rang a bohlokoahali a fiber optic a tsamaisang lentsoe, data le video. 

 

Bakeng sa marang-rang a mangata, motsoako oa maano a sa sebetseng a sebetsa hantle. Reng ea faeba e ka ba le likhokahano tsa mesh ho eona, e nang le lirutha tse kopitsoang le li-switches tsa mehloli e fapaneng ea matla. Li-Transponders li ka fana ka khaello bakeng sa likhokahano tsa nako e telele lipakeng tsa litoropo. Ka redundancy e felletseng lintlheng tsa maano marang-rang, ts'epo ka kakaretso le nako ea ho qetela e ntlafalitsoe ho fihlela litlhoko tse boima. 

Likhakanyo tsa Litšenyehelo tsa Fiber Optic Networks 

Leha marang-rang a fiber optic a hloka matsete a holimo ho feta copper cabling, fiber e fana ka boleng ba nako e telele ka ts'ebetso e phahameng, ts'epo le nako ea bophelo. Litšenyehelo tsa marang-rang a fiber optic li kenyelletsa:

 

• Litšenyehelo tsa thepa - Lithapo, likhokahano, liqhobosheane, lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang le likarolo tse hlokahalang bakeng sa marang-rang a fiber optic. Fiber optic cable e theko e boima haholo ka leoto ho feta koporo, ho tloha ho $0.15 ho ea ho $5 ka leoto ho itšetlehile ka mofuta. Liphanele tsa patch, li-switches, le li-routers tse etselitsoeng fiber le tsona hangata ke makhetlo a 2-3 theko ea liyuniti tse lekanang tsa koporo. 
• Litsenyehelo tsa ho kenya - Mosebetsi le lits'ebeletso tsa ho kenya lisebelisoa tsa fiber optic cabling ho kenyelletsa ho hula thapo, ho kopanya, ho emisa, liteko le ho rarolla mathata. Litšenyehelo tsa ho kenya li tloha ho $150-500 ka ho felisoa ha fiber, $750-$2000 ka splice ea cable, le $15,000 ka mile bakeng sa ho kenya cable ka ntle. Marang-rang a rarahaneng libakeng tse nang le tšubuhlellano kapa meaho ea lifofane e eketsa litšenyehelo. 
• Litšenyehelo tse tsoelang pele - Litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa, ho laola le ho boloka marang-rang a fiber optic ho kenyeletsa matla a ts'ebeliso, litlhoko tsa ho pholisa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse sebetsang, rente ea ho fumana mokhoa o nepahetseng, le litšenyehelo tsa tsamaiso ea marang-rang / tsamaiso. Likonteraka tsa selemo le selemo tsa tlhokomelo ea ts'ehetso ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa li tloha ho 10-15% ea litšenyehelo tsa lisebelisoa tsa pele. 

 

Le hoja litšenyehelo tsa thepa le ho kenya fiber li phahame, nako ea bophelo ea tsamaiso ea fiber optic e telele haholo. Fiber optic cable e ka sebetsa lilemo tse 25-40 ntle le phetoho e bapisoang le lilemo tse 10-15 bakeng sa koporo, 'me e hloka tlhokomelo e fokolang ka kakaretso. Bandwidth e boetse e hloka habeli ka mor'a lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 2-3, ho bolelang hore marang-rang leha e le afe a thehiloeng ka koporo a tla hloka phetoho e feletseng ho ntlafatsa matla ka har'a mokhoa oa bophelo o ka sebelisoang. 

 

Tafole e ka tlase e fana ka papiso ea litšenyehelo tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea marang-rang a fiber optic:

 

Mofuta oa Marangrang	Theko ea Lintho/Ft	Litšenyehelo tsa ho Kena/Ft	Ho Lebeletsoe Bophelong bohle
Mode o le mong OS2	$ 0.50- $ 2	$5	lilemo tse 25-40
Mefuta e mengata ea OM3	$ 0.15- $ 0.75	$ 1- $ 3	lilemo tse 10-15
OS2 w/ likhoele tse 12 tsa likhoele	$ 1.50- $ 5	$ 10- $ 20	lilemo tse 25-40
Marang-rang a sa hlokahaleng	2-3x e tloaelehileng	2-3x e tloaelehileng	lilemo tse 25-40

 

Le hoja litsamaiso tsa fiber optic li hloka chelete e ngata ea pele, melemo ea nako e telele ts'ebetsong, botsitso le litšenyehelo li etsa hore fiber e be khetho e phahameng bakeng sa mekhatlo e lebeletseng lilemo tse 10-20 pele. Bakeng sa khokahanyo ea bopaki ba nako e tlang, nako e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, le ho qoba ho felloa ke nako pele ho nako, fiber optics e bonts'a litšenyehelo tse fokolang tsa botho le phaello e phahameng ea matsete ha marang-rang a ntse a eketseha ka lebelo le bokhoni ka nako.

Bokamoso ba Lithapo tsa Fiber Optic 

Theknoloji ea Fiber optic e ntse e tsoela pele ka potlako, e nolofalletsa likarolo tse ncha le lisebelisoa. Mekhoa ea hajoale e kenyelletsa ho atolosoa ha marang-rang a 5G a se nang mohala, tšebeliso e pharalletseng ea fiber ho khokahanyo ea lapeng (FTTH), le kholo ea lisebelisoa tsa setsi sa data. Mekhoa ena e itšetlehile ka marang-rang a lebelo le phahameng, a matla a phahameng a fiber optic 'me e tla tsamaisa mekhoa e mecha ea likarolo tsa fiber optic le li-module ho finyella litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa bandwidth.

 

Lihokelo tse ncha tsa fiber optic, li-switches, li-transmitters le li-receiver li ntse li ntlafatsoa ho sebetsana le litheko tse phahameng tsa data le likhokahano tse kholo tsa khokahano. Li-amplifiers tsa Optical le mehloli e meng ea laser li ntse li ntlafatsoa ho matlafatsa mats'oao maetong a malelele ntle le ho pheta-pheta. Likhoele tse tšesaane le likhoele tse ngata-ngata ka har'a thapo e le 'ngoe li tla eketsa bandwidth le matla a data. Tsoelo-pele ho fiber optic splicing, liteko le mekhoa ea ho hloekisa e ikemiselitse ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea matšoao bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tšepahalang haholoanyane.  

 

Lisebelisoa tse ka bang teng nakong e tlang tsa theknoloji ea fiber optic lia thabisa ebile lia fapana. Li-sensor tse kopaneng tsa fiber optic li ka lumella tlhahlobo e tsoelang pele ea bophelo bo botle, ho tsamaea ka nepo, le boiketsetso bo bohlale ba lapeng. Theknoloji ea Li-Fi e sebelisa leseli le tsoang ho fiber optics le li-LED ho fetisa data ntle le waelese ka lebelo le phahameng. Lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa biomedical li ka sebelisa fiber optics ho fihlella libaka tseo ho leng thata ho fihla ho tsona 'meleng kapa ho susumetsa methapo le lisele. Quantum computing e ka boela ea phahamisa likhokahano tsa fiber optic lipakeng tsa node.

 

Likoloi tse itsamaisang li ka sebelisa li-fiber optic gyroscope le lisensara ho tsamaea litseleng. Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea fiber laser e ka ntlafatsa mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhahiso e kang ho itšeha, ho cheselletsa, ho tšoaea hammoho le libetsa tsa laser. Theknoloji e aparoang le lisebelisoa tsa 'nete tsa sebele / tse eketsehileng li ka kenyelletsa lipontšo tsa fiber optic le lisebelisoa tsa ho kenya letsoho bakeng sa phihlelo ea ho qoelisoa ka ho feletseng. Ka mantsoe a bonolo feela, bokhoni ba fiber optic bo thusa ho matlafatsa boqapi hoo e ka bang lefapheng le leng le le leng la mahlale.

 

Ha marang-rang a fiber optic a ntse a hokahana le ho hokahana le meaho lefatšeng ka bophara, menyetla ea kamoso ea fetoha ebile ha e na moeli. Lintlafatso tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho theko, ts'ebetso, le bokhoni li tla thusa theknoloji ea fiber optic ho tsoela pele ho tlisa phetoho le ho ntlafatsa bophelo libakeng tse tsoetseng pele le tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho potoloha lefatše. Bokhoni bo felletseng ba fiber optics bo ntse bo tla phethahala.

Lintlha tse tsoang ho Litsebi

Lipuisano le litsebi tsa fiber optic li fana ka tsebo e ngata mabapi le mekhoa ea theknoloji, mekhoa e tloaelehileng le lithuto tse ithutoang ho tsoa ho boiphihlelo ba lilemo. Lipuisano tse latelang li totobatsa likeletso bakeng sa ba bacha indastering hammoho le baokameli ba theknoloji ba qapang litsamaiso tsa khokahanyo ea data. 

 

Puisano le John Smith, RCDD, Moeletsi e Moholo, Corning

 

P: Ke mekhoa efe ea theknoloji e amang marang-rang a fiber?

A: Re bona tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha ea fiber litsing tsa data, meaho e se nang mohala le litoropong tse bohlale. Kholo ea Bandwidth ka 5G, IoT le 4K/8K video e matlafatsa phepelo e kholo ea fiber... 

 

P: Ke liphoso life tseo u atisang ho li bona?

K: Ponahalo e mpe ea litokomane tsa marang-rang ke taba e tloaelehileng. Ho hloleha ho ngola hantle le ho latela liphanele tsa patch ea fiber, likhokahano le li-endpoints ho etsa hore metsamao / e ekelle / e fetole nako e jeleng le e kotsi...  

 

P: Ke malebela afe ao u ka a fang batho ba sa tsoa fihla indastering?

A: Tsepamisa maikutlo thutong e tsoelang pele. Fumana litifikeiti ho feta boemo ba ho kena ho phahamisa tsebo ea hau. Leka ho fumana boiphihlelo ka hare ho semela le kantle ho phepelo ea likhoele tsa semela... Puisano e matla le litsebo tsa ho ngola litokomane li bohlokoa ka ho lekana bakeng sa mosebetsi oa tekheniki. Nahana ka bobeli setsing sa data le telco / mofani oa litšebeletso tse khethehileng ho fana ka menyetla e mengata ea mosebetsi ...

 

P: Ke mekhoa efe e metle eo litsebi tsohle tsa theknishiene li lokelang ho e latela?

A: Latela litekanyetso tsa indasteri bakeng sa mekhoa eohle ea ho kenya le ho hlahloba. Boloka mekhoa e nepahetseng ea tšireletso. Ngola ka hloko le ho ngola mosebetsi oa hau mohatong o mong le o mong. Sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa boleng bo holimo le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo tse loketseng mosebetsi. Boloka likhoele tsa fiber le likhokahano li hloekile ka hloko—esita le litšila tse nyane li baka mathata a maholo. Nahana ka litlhoko tsa hajoale hammoho le scalability ea nako e tlang ha u rala litsamaiso ...

fihlela qeto e

Fiber optic cabling e fana ka motheo oa 'mele oa phetiso ea data ka lebelo le holimo e nolofalletsang lefatše la rona le ntseng le hola. Tsoelo-pele ea fiber optical le theknoloji ea likarolo li ekelitse li-bandwidth le scalability ha li ntse li khanna litšenyehelo, ho lumella hore ho be le ts'ebetsong e kholoanyane ho pholletsa le telecom ea nako e telele, setsi sa data le marang-rang a bohlale a metse.  

  

Mohloli ona o ikemiselitse ho ruta babali ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa khokahanyo ea fiber optic ho tloha menahanong ea mantlha ho isa ho mekhoa ea ho kenya le mekhoa ea nako e tlang. Ka ho hlalosa hore na optical fiber e sebetsa joang, litekanyetso le mefuta e fumanehang, le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea li-cable, ba bacha tšimong ba ka utloisisa likhetho bakeng sa litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa marang-rang. Lipuisano tse mabapi le ho felisa, ho arola le moralo oa litsela li fana ka maikutlo a sebetsang bakeng sa ts'ebetsong le tsamaiso.  

 

Maikutlo a indasteri a totobatsa lits'ebetso tse hlahang tsa fiber bakeng sa 5G wireless, IoT le video hammoho le litsebo le maano a ho ntlafatsa mosebetsi oa hau. Le hoja marang-rang a fiber optic a hloka tsebo ea bohlokoa ea tekheniki le ho nepahala ha ho qaptjoa le ho sebelisoa, meputso ea ho fumana lintlha tse ngata ka potlako libakeng tse telele e netefatsa hore fiber e tla tsoela pele ho hōla ka bohlokoa.

 

Ho finyella ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea marang-rang ea fiber ho hloka ho khetha likarolo tse lumellanang le li-bandwidth tsa hau le litlhoko tsa sebaka, ho kenya ka hloko ho qoba tahlehelo ea matšoao kapa tšenyo, ho ngola thepa ea motheo ka botlalo, le ho rera esale pele bakeng sa ho eketseha ha bokhoni le litekanyetso tse ncha tsa cabling. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa ba nang le mamello le bokhoni ba ho tseba ho rarahana ha eona, mosebetsi o shebaneng le khokahanyo ea fiber optic o ka kenyelletsa ts'ebetso ea marang-rang, moralo oa sehlahisoa kapa ho koetlisa talenta e ncha ho pholletsa le indasteri e ntseng e hola. 

  

Ka kakaretso, khetha litharollo tsa fiber optic cabling tse tsamaellanang le netweke ea hau le litlhoko tsa boiphihlelo. Kenya, laola le ho lekanya likhokahano tsa hau tsa fiber ka nepo ho fumana melemo e mengata ka litšitiso tse nyane. Tsoela pele ho ithuta ka mahlale a theknoloji le ts'ebeliso ho aha boleng ba maano. Fiber e tiisa bokamoso ba rona, e nolofalletsa phapanyetsano ea tlhahisoleseling hang hang lipakeng tsa batho ba bangata, libaka le lintho ho feta leha e le neng pele. Bakeng sa phano ea data e potlakileng ho pholletsa le likhokahano tsa lefats'e, fiber e busa haholo hona joale le mashomeng a lilemo a tlang.